Skip to main content
PMC home page
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1989 Jan;9(1):303–311. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.1.303

Anatomy of a new B-cell-specific enhancer.

W Koch 1, C Benoist 1, D Mathis 1
PMCID: PMC362173  PMID: 2467189

Abstract

The major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, like the immunoglobulins, are prominent B-lymphocyte markers. Herein, we describe a B-cell-specific enhancer associated with the murine class II gene, Ek alpha. This enhancer has a complex anatomy that suggests interactions between remotely spaced elements. Of particular interest is the finding that two CCAAT boxes spaced one kilobase apart are important for enhancer activity. Somewhat surprisingly, the E alpha and immunoglobulin enhancers seem to show little resemblance.

Full text

PDF
304

Images in this article

305Image
on p.305
306Image
on p.306

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Calame K. L. Mechanisms that regulate immunoglobulin gene expression. Annu Rev Immunol. 1985;3:159–195. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.03.040185.001111. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Dorn A., Benoist C., Mathis D. New B-lymphocyte-specific enhancer-binding protein. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Jan;9(1):312–320. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.1.312. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dorn A., Bollekens J., Staub A., Benoist C., Mathis D. A multiplicity of CCAAT box-binding proteins. Cell. 1987 Sep 11;50(6):863–872. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90513-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dorn A., Durand B., Marfing C., Le Meur M., Benoist C., Mathis D. Conserved major histocompatibility complex class II boxes--X and Y--are transcriptional control elements and specifically bind nuclear proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Sep;84(17):6249–6253. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.17.6249. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dorn A., Fehling H. J., Koch W., Le Meur M., Gerlinger P., Benoist C., Mathis D. B-cell control region at the 5' end of a major histocompatibility complex class II gene: sequences and factors. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Oct;8(10):3975–3987. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.10.3975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dreyfus M., Doyen N., Rougeon F. The conserved decanucleotide from the immunoglobulin heavy chain promoter induces a very high transcriptional activity in B-cells when introduced into an heterologous promoter. EMBO J. 1987 Jun;6(6):1685–1690. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02418.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Flavell R. A., Allen H., Huber B., Wake C., Widera G. Organization and expression of the MHC of the C57 black/10 mouse. Immunol Rev. 1985 Jul;84:29–50. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1985.tb01124.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gerster T., Matthias P., Thali M., Jiricny J., Schaffner W. Cell type-specificity elements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancer. EMBO J. 1987 May;6(5):1323–1330. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02371.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Griffith J., Hochschild A., Ptashne M. DNA loops induced by cooperative binding of lambda repressor. Nature. 1986 Aug 21;322(6081):750–752. doi: 10.1038/322750a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hooft van Huijsduijnen R. A., Bollekens J., Dorn A., Benoist C., Mathis D. Properties of a CCAAT box-binding protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Sep 25;15(18):7265–7282. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.18.7265. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Imler J. L., Lemaire C., Wasylyk C., Wasylyk B. Negative regulation contributes to tissue specificity of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jul;7(7):2558–2567. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.7.2558. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Koch W., Candeias S., Guardiola J., Accolla R., Benoist C., Mathis D. An enhancer factor defect in a mutant Burkitt lymphoma cell line. J Exp Med. 1988 Jun 1;167(6):1781–1790. doi: 10.1084/jem.167.6.1781. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Krämer H., Amouyal M., Nordheim A., Müller-Hill B. DNA supercoiling changes the spacing requirement of two lac operators for DNA loop formation with lac repressor. EMBO J. 1988 Feb;7(2):547–556. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02844.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Landschulz W. H., Johnson P. F., Adashi E. Y., Graves B. J., McKnight S. L. Isolation of a recombinant copy of the gene encoding C/EBP. Genes Dev. 1988 Jul;2(7):786–800. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.7.786. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Le Meur M., Gerlinger P., Benoist C., Mathis D. Correcting an immune-response deficiency by creating E alpha gene transgenic mice. Nature. 1985 Jul 4;316(6023):38–42. doi: 10.1038/316038a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lenardo M., Pierce J. W., Baltimore D. Protein-binding sites in Ig gene enhancers determine transcriptional activity and inducibility. Science. 1987 Jun 19;236(4808):1573–1577. doi: 10.1126/science.3109035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Maniatis T., Goodbourn S., Fischer J. A. Regulation of inducible and tissue-specific gene expression. Science. 1987 Jun 5;236(4806):1237–1245. doi: 10.1126/science.3296191. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Martin K., Huo L., Schleif R. F. The DNA loop model for ara repression: AraC protein occupies the proposed loop sites in vivo and repression-negative mutations lie in these same sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(11):3654–3658. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.11.3654. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. McCutchan J. H., Pagano J. S. Enchancement of the infectivity of simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid with diethylaminoethyl-dextran. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1968 Aug;41(2):351–357. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Miwa K., Doyle C., Strominger J. L. Sequence-specific interactions of nuclear factors with conserved sequences of human class II major histocompatibility complex genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(14):4939–4943. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.14.4939. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Mukherjee S., Erickson H., Bastia D. Enhancer-origin interaction in plasmid R6K involves a DNA loop mediated by initiator protein. Cell. 1988 Feb 12;52(3):375–383. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(88)80030-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Peterson C. L., Calame K. L. Complex protein binding within the mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Dec;7(12):4194–4203. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.12.4194. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Pierce J. W., Lenardo M., Baltimore D. Oligonucleotide that binds nuclear factor NF-kappa B acts as a lymphoid-specific and inducible enhancer element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1482–1486. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1482. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ptashne M. Gene regulation by proteins acting nearby and at a distance. Nature. 1986 Aug 21;322(6081):697–701. doi: 10.1038/322697a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Schleif R. DNA looping. Science. 1988 Apr 8;240(4849):127–128. doi: 10.1126/science.3353710. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sherman P. A., Basta P. V., Ting J. P. Upstream DNA sequences required for tissue-specific expression of the HLA-DR alpha gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(12):4254–4258. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.12.4254. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Sullivan K. E., Peterlin B. M. Transcriptional enhancers in the HLA-DQ subregion. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;7(9):3315–3319. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.9.3315. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Théveny B., Bailly A., Rauch C., Rauch M., Delain E., Milgrom E. Association of DNA-bound progesterone receptors. Nature. 1987 Sep 3;329(6134):79–81. doi: 10.1038/329079a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Weinberger J., Jat P. S., Sharp P. A. Localization of a repressive sequence contributing to B-cell specificity in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Feb;8(2):988–992. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.2.988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Widera G., Burkly L. C., Pinkert C. A., Böttger E. C., Cowing C., Palmiter R. D., Brinster R. L., Flavell R. A. Transgenic mice selectively lacking MHC class II (I-E) antigen expression on B cells: an in vivo approach to investigate Ia gene function. Cell. 1987 Oct 23;51(2):175–187. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90145-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Wirth T., Staudt L., Baltimore D. An octamer oligonucleotide upstream of a TATA motif is sufficient for lymphoid-specific promoter activity. Nature. 1987 Sep 10;329(6135):174–178. doi: 10.1038/329174a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Zenke M., Grundström T., Matthes H., Wintzerith M., Schatz C., Wildeman A., Chambon P. Multiple sequence motifs are involved in SV40 enhancer function. EMBO J. 1986 Feb;5(2):387–397. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04224.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. van Ewijk W., Ron Y., Monaco J., Kappler J., Marrack P., Le Meur M., Gerlinger P., Durand B., Benoist C., Mathis D. Compartmentalization of MHC class II gene expression in transgenic mice. Cell. 1988 May 6;53(3):357–370. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90156-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES