Skip to main content
PMC home page
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1988 Jan;8(1):480–485. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.1.480

Evidence that the functional beta-actin gene is single copy in most mice and is associated with 5' sequences capable of conferring serum- and cycloheximide-dependent regulation.

P K Elder 1, C L French 1, M Subramaniam 1, L J Schmidt 1, M J Getz 1
PMCID: PMC363155  PMID: 3422100

Abstract

Hybridization to synthetic oligonucleotides representing conserved regions in the promoter and first intron of several vertebrate beta-actin genes was used to discriminate between what appears to be a single functional beta-actin gene and numerous pseudogenes in the mouse genome. Sequences derived from the 5' end of this gene were shown to confer serum-inducible expression upon a heterologous reporter gene when transfected into mouse fibroblasts. Moreover, these sequences rendered reporter gene expression superinducible by a combination of serum and cycloheximide. These experiments indicate that the 5' end of the mouse beta-actin gene contains sequence elements which mediate the stimulatory effects of serum growth factors and which are responsive to both positive and negative regulators of gene expression.

Full text

PDF
483

Images in this article

481Image
on p.481
482Image
on p.482
482Image
on p.482
483Image
on p.483
483Image
on p.483

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Benton W. D., Davis R. W. Screening lambdagt recombinant clones by hybridization to single plaques in situ. Science. 1977 Apr 8;196(4286):180–182. doi: 10.1126/science.322279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Courtney M. G., Elder P. K., Steffen D. L., Getz M. J. Evidence for an early evolutionary origin and locus polymorphism of mouse VL30 DNA sequences. J Virol. 1982 Aug;43(2):511–518. doi: 10.1128/jvi.43.2.511-518.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Elder P. K., Schmidt L. J., Ono T., Getz M. J. Specific stimulation of actin gene transcription by epidermal growth factor and cycloheximide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(23):7476–7480. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.23.7476. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Elsholtz H. P., Mangalam H. J., Potter E., Albert V. R., Supowit S., Evans R. M., Rosenfeld M. G. Two different cis-active elements transfer the transcriptional effects of both EGF and phorbol esters. Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1552–1557. doi: 10.1126/science.3491428. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Foster D. N., Schmidt L. J., Hodgson C. P., Moses H. L., Getz M. J. Polyadenylylated RNA complementary to a mouse retrovirus-like multigene family is rapidly and specifically induced by epidermal growth factor stimulation of quiescent cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Dec;79(23):7317–7321. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7317. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gorman C. M., Moffat L. F., Howard B. H. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Sep;2(9):1044–1051. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.9.1044. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Greenberg M. E., Hermanowski A. L., Ziff E. B. Effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on growth factor activation of c-fos, c-myc, and actin gene transcription. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Apr;6(4):1050–1057. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.4.1050. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Greenberg M. E., Ziff E. B. Stimulation of 3T3 cells induces transcription of the c-fos proto-oncogene. Nature. 1984 Oct 4;311(5985):433–438. doi: 10.1038/311433a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hamilton R. T., Nilsen-Hamilton M., Adams G. Superinduction by cycloheximide of mitogen-induced secreted proteins produced by Balb/c 3T3 cells. J Cell Physiol. 1985 May;123(2):201–208. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041230208. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Leof E. B., Proper J. A., Getz M. J., Moses H. L. Transforming growth factor type beta regulation of actin mRNA. J Cell Physiol. 1986 Apr;127(1):83–88. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041270111. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lopata M. A., Cleveland D. W., Sollner-Webb B. High level transient expression of a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene by DEAE-dextran mediated DNA transfection coupled with a dimethyl sulfoxide or glycerol shock treatment. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jul 25;12(14):5707–5717. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.14.5707. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Meister R. K., Hulman S. E., Johnson L. F. Rapid changes in poly (A)(+) mRNA content in growth stimulated fibroblasts following perturbations in protein synthesis. J Cell Physiol. 1979 Sep;100(3):531–538. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041000315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Minty A. J., Alonso S., Guénet J. L., Buckingham M. E. Number and organization of actin-related sequences in the mouse genome. J Mol Biol. 1983 Jun 15;167(1):77–101. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80035-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mohun T., Garrett N., Treisman R. Xenopus cytoskeletal actin and human c-fos gene promoters share a conserved protein-binding site. EMBO J. 1987 Mar;6(3):667–673. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04806.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Nakajima-Iijima S., Hamada H., Reddy P., Kakunaga T. Molecular structure of the human cytoplasmic beta-actin gene: interspecies homology of sequences in the introns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(18):6133–6137. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.18.6133. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Ng S. Y., Gunning P., Eddy R., Ponte P., Leavitt J., Shows T., Kedes L. Evolution of the functional human beta-actin gene and its multi-pseudogene family: conservation of noncoding regions and chromosomal dispersion of pseudogenes. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2720–2732. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2720. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Nudel U., Zakut R., Shani M., Neuman S., Levy Z., Yaffe D. The nucleotide sequence of the rat cytoplasmic beta-actin gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Mar 25;11(6):1759–1771. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.6.1759. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Ponte P., Gunning P., Blau H., Kedes L. Human actin genes are single copy for alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac actin but multicopy for beta- and gamma-cytoskeletal genes: 3' untranslated regions are isotype specific but are conserved in evolution. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Oct;3(10):1783–1791. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.10.1783. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Riddle V. G., Dubrow R., Pardee A. B. Changes in the synthesis of actin and other cell proteins after stimulation of serum-arrested cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Mar;76(3):1298–1302. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.3.1298. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Steffen D. L., Bird S., Weinberg R. A. Evidence for the Asiatic origin of endogenous AKR-type murine leukemia proviruses. J Virol. 1980 Sep;35(3):824–835. doi: 10.1128/jvi.35.3.824-835.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Stiles C. D., Lee K. L., Kenney F. T. Differential degradation of messenger RNAs in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Aug;73(8):2634–2638. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.8.2634. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Subramaniam M., Shanmugam G. Effect of cycloheximide and growth factors on gene expression in quiescent mouse embryo fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol. 1986 Jan;126(1):47–52. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041260107. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Tokunaga K., Taniguchi H., Yoda K., Shimizu M., Sakiyama S. Nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA for mouse cytoskeletal beta-actin mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Mar 25;14(6):2829–2829. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.6.2829. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Treisman R. Transient accumulation of c-fos RNA following serum stimulation requires a conserved 5' element and c-fos 3' sequences. Cell. 1985 Oct;42(3):889–902. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90285-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Vandekerckhove J., Weber K. At least six different actins are expressed in a higher mammal: an analysis based on the amino acid sequence of the amino-terminal tryptic peptide. J Mol Biol. 1978 Dec 25;126(4):783–802. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90020-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES