Skip to main content
Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1988 Jun;8(6):2651–2654. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.6.2651

B-raf, a new member of the raf family, is activated by DNA rearrangement.

S Ikawa 1, M Fukui 1, Y Ueyama 1, N Tamaoki 1, T Yamamoto 1, K Toyoshima 1
PMCID: PMC363468  PMID: 3043188

Abstract

Complementary DNA clones of a putative transforming gene were isolated from NIH 3T3 cells transformed with human Ewing sarcoma DNA. The gene was termed B-raf because it is related to but distinct from c-raf and A-raf. It appears that substitution in the amino-terminal portion of the normal B-raf protein confers transforming activity to the gene.

Full text

PDF
2654

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aviv H., Leder P. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1408–1412. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Beck T. W., Huleihel M., Gunnell M., Bonner T. I., Rapp U. R. The complete coding sequence of the human A-raf-1 oncogene and transforming activity of a human A-raf carrying retrovirus. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Jan 26;15(2):595–609. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.2.595. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Blin N., Stafford D. W. A general method for isolation of high molecular weight DNA from eukaryotes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1976 Sep;3(9):2303–2308. doi: 10.1093/nar/3.9.2303. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bonner T. I., Kerby S. B., Sutrave P., Gunnell M. A., Mark G., Rapp U. R. Structure and biological activity of human homologs of the raf/mil oncogene. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jun;5(6):1400–1407. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.6.1400. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fukui M., Yamamoto T., Kawai S., Maruo K., Toyoshima K. Detection of a raf-related and two other transforming DNA sequences in human tumors maintained in nude mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(17):5954–5958. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.17.5954. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fukui M., Yamamoto T., Kawai S., Mitsunobu F., Toyoshima K. Molecular cloning and characterization of an activated human c-raf-1 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 May;7(5):1776–1781. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.5.1776. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hanahan D., Meselson M. Plasmid screening at high colony density. Gene. 1980 Jun;10(1):63–67. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(80)90144-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Henikoff S. Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing. Gene. 1984 Jun;28(3):351–359. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90153-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hohn B., Collins J. A small cosmid for efficient cloning of large DNA fragments. Gene. 1980 Nov;11(3-4):291–298. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(80)90069-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hunter T., Cooper J. A. Protein-tyrosine kinases. Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:897–930. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.004341. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Ikawa S., Hagino-Yamagishi K., Kawai S., Yamamoto T., Toyoshima K. Activation of the cellular src gene by transducing retrovirus. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jul;6(7):2420–2428. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.7.2420. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ish-Horowicz D., Burke J. F. Rapid and efficient cosmid cloning. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jul 10;9(13):2989–2998. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.13.2989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ishikawa F., Takaku F., Hayashi K., Nagao M., Sugimura T. Activation of rat c-raf during transfection of hepatocellular carcinoma DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(10):3209–3212. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.10.3209. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Ishikawa F., Takaku F., Nagao M., Sugimura T. Cysteine-rich regions conserved in amino-terminal halves of raf gene family products and protein kinase C. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1986 Dec;77(12):1183–1187. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Jelinek W. R., Toomey T. P., Leinwand L., Duncan C. H., Biro P. A., Choudary P. V., Weissman S. M., Rubin C. M., Houck C. M., Deininger P. L. Ubiquitous, interspersed repeated sequences in mammalian genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Mar;77(3):1398–1402. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.3.1398. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. LaPolla R. J., Mayne K. M., Davidson N. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for the complete protein coding region of the delta subunit of the mouse acetylcholine receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(24):7970–7974. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.24.7970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Land H., Parada L. F., Weinberg R. A. Cellular oncogenes and multistep carcinogenesis. Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):771–778. doi: 10.1126/science.6356358. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lehrach H., Diamond D., Wozney J. M., Boedtker H. RNA molecular weight determinations by gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, a critical reexamination. Biochemistry. 1977 Oct 18;16(21):4743–4751. doi: 10.1021/bi00640a033. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Maniatis T., Hardison R. C., Lacy E., Lauer J., O'Connell C., Quon D., Sim G. K., Efstratiadis A. The isolation of structural genes from libraries of eucaryotic DNA. Cell. 1978 Oct;15(2):687–701. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90036-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Mark G. E., Seeley T. W., Shows T. B., Mountz J. D. Pks, a raf-related sequence in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(17):6312–6316. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.17.6312. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Mizusawa S., Nishimura S., Seela F. Improvement of the dideoxy chain termination method of DNA sequencing by use of deoxy-7-deazaguanosine triphosphate in place of dGTP. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Feb 11;14(3):1319–1324. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.3.1319. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Mölders H., Defesche J., Müller D., Bonner T. I., Rapp U. R., Müller R. Integration of transfected LTR sequences into the c-raf proto-oncogene: activation by promoter insertion. EMBO J. 1985 Mar;4(3):693–698. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03685.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Rapp U. R., Cleveland J. L., Storm S. M., Beck T. W., Huleihel M. Transformation by raf and myc oncogenes. Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1986;17:55–74. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Rapp U. R., Goldsborough M. D., Mark G. E., Bonner T. I., Groffen J., Reynolds F. H., Jr, Stephenson J. R. Structure and biological activity of v-raf, a unique oncogene transduced by a retrovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(14):4218–4222. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.14.4218. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Shimizu K., Nakatsu Y., Sekiguchi M., Hokamura K., Tanaka K., Terada M., Sugimura T. Molecular cloning of an activated human oncogene, homologous to v-raf, from primary stomach cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(17):5641–5645. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.17.5641. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Sutrave P., Bonner T. I., Rapp U. R., Jansen H. W., Patschinsky T., Bister K. Nucleotide sequence of avian retroviral oncogene v-mil: homologue of murine retroviral oncogene v-raf. Nature. 1984 May 3;309(5963):85–88. doi: 10.1038/309085a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Watson R., Oskarsson M., Vande Woude G. F. Human DNA sequence homologous to the transforming gene (mos) of Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jul;79(13):4078–4082. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.13.4078. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Yamanashi Y., Fukushige S., Semba K., Sukegawa J., Miyajima N., Matsubara K., Yamamoto T., Toyoshima K. The yes-related cellular gene lyn encodes a possible tyrosine kinase similar to p56lck. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jan;7(1):237–243. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.1.237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES