Skip to main content

Some NLM-NCBI services and products are experiencing heavy traffic, which may affect performance and availability. We apologize for the inconvenience and appreciate your patience. For assistance, please contact our Help Desk at info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Molecular and Cellular Biology logoLink to Molecular and Cellular Biology
. 1985 Oct;5(10):2677–2683. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2677

Sequence analysis of the human major histocompatibility gene SX alpha.

J M Boss, R Mengler, K Okada, C Auffray, J L Strominger
PMCID: PMC367005  PMID: 3869954

Abstract

The DP subregion of the human major histocompatibility complex contains two closely linked gene pairs, DP alpha, DP beta and SX alpha, SX beta. The exon-intron organization and the complete DNA sequence of the SX alpha gene are reported here. There are several mutations within the SX alpha gene which strongly suggest that it is a pseudogene. These include two frameshift mutations, one in the alpha 1 domain and the other in the cytoplasmic domain. A 5' splice site mutation at the end of the alpha 1 exon also exists. DNA sequence homology between DP alpha and SX alpha suggests that these genes arose through a gene duplication event.

Full text

PDF
2677

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Auffray C., Lillie J. W., Arnot D., Grossberger D., Kappes D., Strominger J. L. Isotypic and allotypic variation of human class II histocompatibility antigen alpha-chain genes. Nature. 1984 Mar 22;308(5957):327–333. doi: 10.1038/308327a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Boss J. M., Strominger J. L. Cloning and sequence analysis of the human major histocompatibility complex gene DC-3 beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Aug;81(16):5199–5203. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.16.5199. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dodgson J. B., Engel J. D. The nucleotide sequence of the adult chicken alpha-globin genes. J Biol Chem. 1983 Apr 10;258(7):4623–4629. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Erbil C., Niessing J. The primary structure of the duck alpha D-globin gene: an unusual 5' splice junction sequence. EMBO J. 1983;2(8):1339–1343. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01589.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Frischauf A. M., Garoff H., Lehrach H. A subcloning strategy for DNA sequence analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Dec 11;8(23):5541–5549. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.23.5541. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hisajima H., Nishida Y., Nakai S., Takahashi N., Ueda S., Honjo T. Structure of the human immunoglobulin C epsilon 2 gene, a truncated pseudogene: implications for its evolutionary origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 May;80(10):2995–2999. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.10.2995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Kappes D. J., Arnot D., Okada K., Strominger J. L. Structure and polymorphism of the HLA class II SB light chain genes. EMBO J. 1984 Dec 1;3(12):2985–2993. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02245.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kaufman J. F., Auffray C., Korman A. J., Shackelford D. A., Strominger J. The class II molecules of the human and murine major histocompatibility complex. Cell. 1984 Jan;36(1):1–13. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90068-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kelly A., Trowsdale J. Complete nucleotide sequence of a functional HLA-DP beta gene and the region between the DP beta 1 and DP alpha 1 genes: comparison of the 5' ends of HLA class II genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Mar 11;13(5):1607–1621. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.5.1607. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Larhammar D., Servenius B., Rask L., Peterson P. A. Characterization of an HLA DR beta pseudogene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Mar;82(5):1475–1479. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.5.1475. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Little P. F. Globin pseudogenes. Cell. 1982 Apr;28(4):683–684. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90045-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Long E. O., Wake C. T., Gorski J., Mach B. Complete sequence of an HLA-dR beta chain deduced from a cDNA clone and identification of multiple non-allelic DR beta chain genes. EMBO J. 1983;2(3):389–394. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01435.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mathis D. J., Benoist C. O., Williams V. E., 2nd, Kanter M. R., McDevitt H. O. The murine E alpha immune response gene. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):745–754. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90060-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. McIntyre K. R., Seidman J. G. Nucleotide sequence of mutant I-A beta bm12 gene is evidence for genetic exchange between mouse immune response genes. Nature. 1984 Apr 5;308(5959):551–553. doi: 10.1038/308551a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Mount S. M. A catalogue of splice junction sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Jan 22;10(2):459–472. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.2.459. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Okada K., Boss J. M., Prentice H., Spies T., Mengler R., Auffray C., Lillie J., Grossberger D., Strominger J. L. Gene organization of DC and DX subregions of the human major histocompatibility complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(10):3410–3414. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.10.3410. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Okada K., Prentice H. L., Boss J. M., Levy D. J., Kappes D., Spies T., Raghupathy R., Mengler R. A., Auffray C., Strominger J. L. SB subregion of the human major histocompatibility complex: gene organization, allelic polymorphism and expression in transformed cells. EMBO J. 1985 Mar;4(3):739–748. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03691.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Saito H., Maki R. A., Clayton L. K., Tonegawa S. Complete primary structures of the E beta chain and gene of the mouse major histocompatibility complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Sep;80(18):5520–5524. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.18.5520. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Schamboeck A., Korman A. J., Kamb A., Strominger J. L. Organization of the transcriptional unit of a human class II histocompatibility antigen: HLA-DR heavy chain. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Dec 20;11(24):8663–8675. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.24.8663. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Servenius B., Gustafsson K., Widmark E., Emmoth E., Andersson G., Larhammar D., Rask L., Peterson P. A. Molecular map of the human HLA-SB (HLA-DP) region and sequence of an SB alpha (DP alpha) pseudogene. EMBO J. 1984 Dec 20;3(13):3209–3214. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02280.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Shackelford D. A., Kaufman J. F., Korman A. J., Strominger J. L. HLA-DR antigens: structure, separation of subpopulations, gene cloning and function. Immunol Rev. 1982;66:133–187. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1982.tb00437.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Spielman R. S., Lee J., Bodmer W. F., Bodmer J. G., Trowsdale J. Six HLA-D region alpha-chain genes on human chromosome 6: polymorphisms and associations of DC alpha-related sequences with DR types. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jun;81(11):3461–3465. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.11.3461. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Spies T., Sorrentino R., Boss J. M., Okada K., Strominger J. L. Structural organization of the DR subregion of the human major histocompatibility complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Aug;82(15):5165–5169. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.15.5165. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Treisman R., Orkin S. H., Maniatis T. Structural and functional defects in beta-thalassemia. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1983;134:99–121. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Trowsdale J., Kelly A., Lee J., Carson S., Austin P., Travers P. Linkage map of two HLA-SB beta and two HLA-SB alpha-related genes: an intron in one of the SB beta genes contains a processed pseudogene. Cell. 1984 Aug;38(1):241–249. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90546-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Weiss E. H., Golden L., Fahrner K., Mellor A. L., Devlin J. J., Bullman H., Tiddens H., Bud H., Flavell R. A. Organization and evolution of the class I gene family in the major histocompatibility complex of the C57BL/10 mouse. Nature. 1984 Aug 23;310(5979):650–655. doi: 10.1038/310650a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Weiss E. H., Mellor A., Golden L., Fahrner K., Simpson E., Hurst J., Flavell R. A. The structure of a mutant H-2 gene suggests that the generation of polymorphism in H-2 genes may occur by gene conversion-like events. Nature. 1983 Feb 24;301(5902):671–674. doi: 10.1038/301671a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Widera G., Flavell R. A. The nucleotide sequence of the murine I-E beta b immune response gene: evidence for gene conversion events in class II genes of the major histocompatibility complex. EMBO J. 1984 Jun;3(6):1221–1225. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01956.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Wieringa B., Meyer F., Reiser J., Weissmann C. Unusual splice sites revealed by mutagenic inactivation of an authentic splice site of the rabbit beta-globin gene. Nature. 1983 Jan 6;301(5895):38–43. doi: 10.1038/301038a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Zuniga M. C., Malissen B., McMillan M., Brayton P. R., Clark S. S., Forman J., Hood L. Expression and function of transplantation antigens with altered or deleted cytoplasmic domains. Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):535–544. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90386-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular and Cellular Biology are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES