Skip to main content
Bacteriological Reviews logoLink to Bacteriological Reviews
. 1971 Mar;35(1):1–13. doi: 10.1128/br.35.1.1-13.1971

Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin and its mode of action.

N F Pierce, W B Greenough 3rd, C C Carpenter Jr
PMCID: PMC378369  PMID: 4324714

Full text

PDF
13

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BASUMALLIK K. C., GANGULI N. C. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHOLERA. Indian J Med Res. 1964 Aug;52:894–901. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BURROWS W. Endotoxins. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1951;5:181–196. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.05.100151.001145. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Banwell J. G., Pierce N. F., Mitra R. C., Brigham K. L., Caranasos G. J., Keimowitz R. I., Fedson D. S., Thomas J., Gorbach S. L., Sack R. B. Intestinal fluid and electrolyte transport in human cholera. J Clin Invest. 1970 Jan;49(1):183–195. doi: 10.1172/JCI106217. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Banwell J. G., Pierce N. F., Mitra R., Caranasos G. J., Keimowitz R. I., Mondal A., Manji P. M. Preliminary results of a study of small intestinal water and solute movement in acute and convalescent human cholera. Indian J Med Res. 1968 May;56(5):633–639. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Benyajati C. Experimental cholera in humans. Br Med J. 1966 Jan 15;1(5480):140–142. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5480.140. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Burrows W. Cholera toxins. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1968;22:245–268. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.22.100168.001333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Carpenter C. C., Curlin G. T., Greenough W. B. Response of canine Thiry-Vella jejunal loops to cholera exotoxin and its modification by ethacrynic acid. J Infect Dis. 1969 Sep;120(3):332–338. doi: 10.1093/infdis/120.3.332. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Carpenter C. C., Greenough W. B., 3rd, Sack R. B. The relationship of superior mesenteric artery blood flow to gut electrolyte loss in experimental cholera. J Infect Dis. 1969 Feb;119(2):182–193. doi: 10.1093/infdis/119.2.182. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Carpenter C. C., Sack R. B., Feeley J. C., Steenberg R. W. Site and characteristics of electrolyte loss and effect of intraluminal glucose in experimental canine cholera. J Clin Invest. 1968 May;47(5):1210–1220. doi: 10.1172/JCI105810. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Coleman W. H., Kaur J., Iwert M. E., Kasai G. J., Burrows W. Cholera toxins: purification and preliminary characterization of ileal loop reactive type 2 toxin. J Bacteriol. 1968 Oct;96(4):1137–1143. doi: 10.1128/jb.96.4.1137-1143.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Craig J. P. A permeability factor (toxin) found in cholera stools and culture filtrates and its neutralization by convalescent cholera sera. Nature. 1965 Aug 7;207(997):614–616. doi: 10.1038/207614a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Craig J. P. Preparation of the vascular permeability factor of Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol. 1966 Sep;92(3):793–795. doi: 10.1128/jb.92.3.793-795.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Curlin G. T., Craig J. P., Subong A., Carpenter C. C. Antitoxic immunity in experimental canine cholera. J Infect Dis. 1970 May;121(5):463–470. doi: 10.1093/infdis/121.5.463. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. DE S. N., CHATTERJE D. N. An experimental study of the mechanism of action of Vibriod cholerae on the intestinal mucous membrane. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1953 Oct;66(2):559–562. doi: 10.1002/path.1700660228. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. DE S. N. Enterotoxicity of bacteria-free culture-filtrate of Vibrio cholerae. Nature. 1959 May 30;183(4674):1533–1534. doi: 10.1038/1831533a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. DUTTA N. K., HABBU M. K. Experimental cholera in infant rabbits: a method for chemotherapeutic investigation. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1955 Jun;10(2):153–159. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1955.tb00074.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Dover A. S., Western K. A. Fatalities due to malaria in the United States, 1966-1969. J Infect Dis. 1970 May;121(5):573–575. doi: 10.1093/infdis/121.5.573. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Duncan C. L., Strong D. H. Ileal loop fluid accumulation and production of diarrhea in rabbits by cell-free products of Clostridium perfringens. J Bacteriol. 1969 Oct;100(1):86–94. doi: 10.1128/jb.100.1.86-94.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Dutt A. R. Enterotoxic activity in cholera stool. Indian J Med Res. 1965 Jul;53(7):605–609. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Elliott H. L., Carpenter C. C., Sack R. B., Yardley J. H. Small bowel morphology in experimental canine cholera. A light and electron microscopic study. Lab Invest. 1970 Feb;22(2):112–120. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Field M., Plotkin G. R., Silen W. Effects of vasopressin, theophylline and cyclic adenosine monophosphate on short-circuit current across isolated rabbit ileal mucosa. Nature. 1968 Feb 3;217(5127):469–471. doi: 10.1038/217469a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Finkelstein R. A. Antitoxic immunity in experimental cholera: observations with purified antigens and the ligated ileal loop model. Infect Immun. 1970 May;1(5):464–467. doi: 10.1128/iai.1.5.464-467.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Finkelstein R. A., Atthasampunna P., Chulasamaya M., Charunmethee P. Pathogenesis of experimental cholera: biologic ativities of purified procholeragen A. J Immunol. 1966 Mar;96(3):440–449. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Finkelstein R. A., Hollingsworth R. C. Antitoxic immunity in experimental cholera: observations with purified antigens and the rat foot edema model. Infect Immun. 1970 May;1(5):468–473. doi: 10.1128/iai.1.5.468-473.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Finkelstein R. A., Jehl J. J., Goth A. Pathogenesis of experimental cholera: choleragen-induced rat foot edema; a method of screening anticholera drugs. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1969 Dec;132(3):835–840. doi: 10.3181/00379727-132-34318. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Finkelstein R. A., LoSpalluto J. J. Pathogenesis of experimental cholera. Preparation and isolation of choleragen and choleragenoid. J Exp Med. 1969 Jul 1;130(1):185–202. doi: 10.1084/jem.130.1.185. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Finkelstein R. A., LoSpalluto J. J. Production of highly purified choleragen and choleragenoid. J Infect Dis. 1970 May;121(Suppl):63+–63+. doi: 10.1093/infdis/121.supplement.s63. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. GANGAROSA E. F., BEISEL W. R., BENYAJATI C., SPRINZ H., PIYARATN P. The nature of the gastrointestinal lesion in asiatic cholera and its relation to pathogenesis: a biopsy study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1960 Mar;9:125–135. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1960.9.125. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Gorbach S. L., Banwell J. G., Jacobs B., Chatterjee B. D., Mitra R., Brigham K. L., Neogy K. N. Intestinal microflora in Asiatic cholera. II. The small bowel. J Infect Dis. 1970 Jan;121(1):38–45. doi: 10.1093/infdis/121.1.38. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Grayer D. T., Serebro H. A., Iber F. L., Hendrix T. R. Effect of cycloheximide on unidirectional sodium fluxes in the jejunum after cholera exotoxin exposure. Gastroenterology. 1970 Jun;58(6):815–819. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Gyles C. L., Barnum D. A. A heat-labile enterotoxin from strains of Eschericha coli enteropathogenic for pigs. J Infect Dis. 1969 Oct;120(4):419–426. doi: 10.1093/infdis/120.4.419. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Harper D. T., Jr, Yardley J. H., Hendrix T. R. Reversal of cholera exotoxin-induced jejunal secretion by cycloheximide. Johns Hopkins Med J. 1970 May;126(5):258–266. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Hirschhorn N., Kinzie J. L., Sachar D. B., Northrup R. S., Taylor J. O., Ahmad S. Z., Phillips R. A. Decrease in net stool output in cholera during intestinal perfusion with glucose-containing solutions. N Engl J Med. 1968 Jul 25;279(4):176–181. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196807252790402. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Hirschhorn N., Rosenberg I. H. Sodium-potassium stimulated adenosine triphosphatase of the small intestine of man: studies in cholera and other diarrheal diseases. J Lab Clin Med. 1968 Jul;72(1):28–39. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Iber F. L., McGonagle T., Serebro H. A., Luebbers E., Bayless T. M., Hendrix T. R. Unidirectional sodium flux in small intestine in experimental canine cholera. Am J Med Sci. 1969 Nov;258(5):340–350. doi: 10.1097/00000441-196911000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Kasai G. J., Burrows W. The titration of cholera toxin and antitoxin in the rabbit ileal loop. J Infect Dis. 1966 Dec;116(5):606–614. doi: 10.1093/infdis/116.5.606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Keusch G. T., Rahal J. J., Jr, Weinstein L., Grady G. F. Biochemical effects of cholera enterotoxin: oxidative metabolism in the infant rabbit. Am J Physiol. 1970 Mar;218(3):703–707. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1970.218.3.703. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Kusama H., Craig J. P. Production of Biologically Active Substances by Two Strains of Vibrio cholerae. Infect Immun. 1970 Jan;1(1):80–87. doi: 10.1128/iai.1.1.80-87.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Lewis A. C., Freeman B. A. Separation of type 2 toxins of Vibrio cholerae. Science. 1969 Aug 22;165(3895):808–809. doi: 10.1126/science.165.3895.808. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Macchia V., Bates R. W., Pastan I. The purification and properties of a thyroid-stimulating factor isolated from Clostridium perfringens. J Biol Chem. 1967 Aug 25;242(16):3726–3730. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Moon H. W., Whipp S. C., Engstrom G. W., Baetz A. L. Response of the rabbit ileal loop to cell-free products from Escherichia coli enteropathogenic for swine. J Infect Dis. 1970 Feb;121(2):182–187. doi: 10.1093/infdis/121.2.182. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Mosley W. H., Aziz K. M. Serological evidence for the identity of the vascular permeability factor and ileal loop toxin of Vibrio cholerae. J Infect Dis. 1970 Mar;121(3):243–250. doi: 10.1093/infdis/121.3.243. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Nalin D. R., Cash R. A., Rahman M., Yunus M. Effect of glycine and glucose on sodium and water adsorption in patients with cholera. Gut. 1970 Sep;11(9):768–772. doi: 10.1136/gut.11.9.768. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. PANSE M. V., DUTTA N. K. Excretion of toxin with stools of cholera patients. J Infect Dis. 1961 Jul-Aug;109:81–84. doi: 10.1093/infdis/109.1.81. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Pierce N. F., Banwell J. G., Rupak D. M., Mitra R. C., Caranasos G. J., Keimowitz R. I., Mondal A., Manji P. M. Effect of intragastric glucose-electrolyte infusion upon water and electrolyte balance in Asiatic cholera. Gastroenterology. 1968 Sep;55(3):333–343. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Richardson S. H., Evans D. G., Feeley J. C. Biochemistry of Vibrio cholerae Virulence I. Purification and Biochemical Properties of PF/Cholera Enterotoxin. Infect Immun. 1970 Jun;1(6):546–554. doi: 10.1128/iai.1.6.546-554.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Richardson S. H. Factors influencing in vitro skin permeability factor production by Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol. 1969 Oct;100(1):27–34. doi: 10.1128/jb.100.1.27-34.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Rowe B., Taylor J., Bettelheim K. A. An investigation of traveller's diarrhoea. Lancet. 1970 Jan 3;1(7636):1–5. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(70)90520-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. SAHA H., DAS A. Observations on the nature of cholera stools. J Indian Med Assoc. 1952 Aug;21(11):464–467. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Sachar D. B., Taylor J. O., Saha J. R., Phillips R. A. Intestinal transmural electric potential and its response to glucose in acute and convalescent cholera. Gastroenterology. 1969 Mar;56(3):512–521. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Sack R. B., Carpenter C. C. Experimental canine cholera. II. Production by cell-free culture filtrates of Vibrio cholerae. J Infect Dis. 1969 Feb;119(2):150–157. doi: 10.1093/infdis/119.2.150. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Sack R. B., Carpenter C. C., Steenburg R. W., Pierce N. F. Experimental cholera. A canine model. Lancet. 1966 Jul 23;2(7456):206–207. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(66)92484-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Sakazaki R., Tamura K., Saito M. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli associated with diarrhea in children and adults. Jpn J Med Sci Biol. 1967 Oct;20(5):387–399. doi: 10.7883/yoken1952.20.387. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Schafer D. E., Lust W. D., Sircar B., Goldberg N. D. Elevated concentration of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in intestinal mucosa after treatment with cholera toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Oct;67(2):851–856. doi: 10.1073/pnas.67.2.851. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Serebro H. A., Iber F. L., Yardley J. H., Hendrix T. R. Inhibition of cholera toxin action in the rabbit by cycloheximide. Gastroenterology. 1969 Mar;56(3):506–511. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Serebro H. A., McGonagle T., Iber F. L., Royall R., Hendrix T. R. An effect of cholera toxin on small intestine without direct mucosal contact. Johns Hopkins Med J. 1968 Nov;123(5):229–232. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Smith H. W., Halls S. Studies on Escherichia coli enterotoxin. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1967 Apr;93(2):531–543. doi: 10.1002/path.1700930212. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Spyrides G. J., Feeley J. C. Concentration and purification of cholera exotoxin by absorption on aluminum compound gels. J Infect Dis. 1970 May;121(Suppl):96+–96+. doi: 10.1093/infdis/121.supplement.s96. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Vaughan M., Pierce N. F., Greenough W. B., 3rd Stimulation of glycerol production in fat cells by cholera toxin. Nature. 1970 May 16;226(5246):658–659. doi: 10.1038/226658a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Williams E. M., Dohadwalla A. N., Dutta N. K. Diarrhea and accumulation of intestinal fluid in infant rabbits infected with Vibrio cholerae in an isolated jejunal segment. J Infect Dis. 1969 Dec;120(6):645–651. doi: 10.1093/infdis/120.6.645. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Williams E. M., Dohadwalla A. N. Experimental cholera: observations relevant to the toxin-absorption hypothesis. J Infect Dis. 1969 Dec;120(6):652–657. doi: 10.1093/infdis/120.6.652. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Williams E. M., Dohadwalla A. N. The appearance of a choleragenic agent in the blood of infant rabbits infected intestinally with Vibrio cholerae, demonstrated by cross-circulation. J Infect Dis. 1969 Dec;120(6):658–663. doi: 10.1093/infdis/120.6.658. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Bacteriological Reviews are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES