Skip to main content
PMC home page
Applied Microbiology logoLink to Applied Microbiology
. 1974 May;27(5):848–857. doi: 10.1128/am.27.5.848-857.1974

Salmonellae in the Environment Around a Chicken Processing Plant

A W Hoadley a, W M Kemp a,1, A C Firmin a,2, G T Smith a,3, P Schelhorn a
PMCID: PMC380163  PMID: 4208511

Abstract

Studies have been conducted over a 2-year period to determine the extent to which a poultry processing plant served as a reservoir of salmonellae reaching the external environment, to examine the question of the importance of salmonellae in the environment, and to consider how best to control the spread of the organisms. The studies have been undertaken at a chicken processing plant handling between 75,000 and 80,000 birds per day. Populations of salmonellae and indicator bacteria were estimated in the raw wastes, through the waste treatment plant, and in the receiving stream waters. The results demonstrate that salmonellae are present in poultry processing wastes in a surprisingly constant relation to fecal coliforms (in excess of 1 Salmonella per 500 fecal coliforms), that serotypes in the environment are constantly changing, and that they may reflect unusual conditions in the processing plant, or a possible source of infection among human and animal residents of the environment. Disinfection of poultry processing wastes is recommended.

Full text

PDF
851

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aserkoff B., Schroeder S. A., Brachman P. S. Salmonellosis in the United States--a five-year review. Am J Epidemiol. 1970 Jul;92(1):13–24. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121175. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bauer A. W., Kirby W. M., Sherris J. C., Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol. 1966 Apr;45(4):493–496. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bicknell S. R. Salmonella aberdeen infection in cattle associated with human sewage. J Hyg (Lond) 1972 Mar;70(1):121–126. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400022166. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cheng C. M., Boyle W. C., Goepfert J. M. Rapid quantitative method for Salmonella detection in polluted waters. Appl Microbiol. 1971 Apr;21(4):662–667. doi: 10.1128/am.21.4.662-667.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cherry W. B., Hanks J. B., Thomason B. M., Murlin A. M., Biddle J. W., Croom J. M. Salmonellae as an index of pollution of surface waters. Appl Microbiol. 1972 Sep;24(3):334–340. doi: 10.1128/am.24.3.334-340.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Claudon D. G., Thompson D. I., Christenson E. H., Lawton G. W., Dick E. C. Prolonged Salmonella contamination of a recreational lake by runoff waters. Appl Microbiol. 1971 May;21(5):875–877. doi: 10.1128/am.21.5.875-877.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dutka B. J., Bell J. B. Isolation of salmonella from moderately polluted waters. J Water Pollut Control Fed. 1973 Feb;45(2):316–324. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. EDWARDS P. R. Salmonellosis: observations on incidence and control. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1958 Jun 3;70(3):598–613. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1958.tb35415.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Edel W., Guineé P. A., van Schothorst M., Kampelmacher E. H. The role of effluents in the spread of Salmonellae. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A. 1972 Sep;221(4):547–549. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Edwards P. R., Galton M. M. Salmonellosis. Adv Vet Sci. 1967;11:1–63. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. GALTON M. M., MACKEL D. C., LEWIS A. L., HAIRE W. C., HARDY A. V. Salmonellosis in poultry and poultry processing plants in Florida. Am J Vet Res. 1955 Jan;16(58):132–137. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gerichter C. B., Yofe J., Sechter I. Salmonellosis in israel, 1963-67. Isr J Med Sci. 1972 Dec;8(12):1921–1931. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Glezen W. P., Hines M. P., Kerbaugh M., Green M. E., Koomen J., Jr Salmonella in two poultry processing plants. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1966 Mar 1;148(5):550–552. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Grunnet K., Nielsen B. B. Salmonella types isolated from the gulf of Aarhus compared with types from infected human beings, animals, and feed products in Denmark. Appl Microbiol. 1969 Dec;18(6):985–990. doi: 10.1128/am.18.6.985-990.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. HARVEY R. W., PHILLIPS W. P. Survival of Salmonella paratyphi B in sewers; its significance in the investigation of paratyphoid outbreaks. Lancet. 1955 Jul 16;269(6881):137–139. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(55)92136-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Harvey R. W., Price T. H. Sewer and drain swabbing as a means of investigating salmonellosis. J Hyg (Lond) 1970 Dec;68(4):611–624. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400042546. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hughes L. E., Gibson E. A., Roberts H. E., Davies E. T., Davies G., Sojka W. J. Bovine salmonellosis in England and Wales. Br Vet J. 1971 May;127(5):225–238. doi: 10.1016/s0007-1935(17)37588-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kaufmann A. F., Feeley J. C. Culture survey of Salmonella at a broiler-raising plant. Public Health Rep. 1968 May;83(5):417–422. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kraft D. J., Olechowski-Gerhardt C., Berkowitz J., Finstein M. S. Salmonella in wastes produced at commercial poultry farms. Appl Microbiol. 1969 Nov;18(5):703–707. doi: 10.1128/am.18.5.703-707.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Martin W. J., Ewing W. H. Prevalence of serotypes of Salmonella. Appl Microbiol. 1969 Jan;17(1):111–117. doi: 10.1128/am.17.1.111-117.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Morris G. K., McMurray B. L., Galton M. M., Wells J. G. A study of the dissemination of salmonellosis in a commercial broiler chicken operation. Am J Vet Res. 1969 Aug;30(8):1413–1421. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Morris G. K., Wells J. G. Salmonella contamination in a poultry-processing plant. Appl Microbiol. 1970 May;19(5):795–799. doi: 10.1128/am.19.5.795-799.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Pietkiewicz K., Buczowski Z. Salmonellosis in man in Poland, 1957-66. Public Health Rep. 1969 Aug;84(8):712–720. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Schaal E. Uber eine durch Baschwasser verursachte Salmonella-Enzootie in einem Rinderbestand. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1963 May 15;70(10):267–268. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Spino D. F. Elevated-temperature technique for the isolation of Salmonella from streams. Appl Microbiol. 1966 Jul;14(4):591–596. doi: 10.1128/am.14.4.591-596.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. WATT J., DeCAPITO T. The frequency and distribution of salmonella types isolated from man and animals in Hidalgo County, Texas. Am J Hyg. 1950 May;51(3):343–352. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119399. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Wilder A. N., MacCready R. A. Isolation of salmonella from poultry, poultry products and poultry processing plants in Massachusetts. N Engl J Med. 1966 Jun 30;274(26):1453–1460. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196606302742601. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Will L. A., Diesch S. L., Pomeroy B. S. Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium in animal manure disposal in a model oxidation ditch. Am J Public Health. 1973 Apr;63(4):322–326. doi: 10.2105/ajph.63.4.322. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES