Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1986 Sep;83(17):6312–6316. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.17.6312

Pks, a raf-related sequence in humans.

G E Mark, T W Seeley, T B Shows, J D Mountz
PMCID: PMC386493  PMID: 3529082

Abstract

A human fetal liver cDNA library was screened at reduced hybridization stringency for v-raf-related sequences. In addition to the expected c-raf-1 cDNA, a second sequence was isolated. Comparison of the second gene (pks) to the other raf-related sequences revealed nucleotide homologies of 71%. The predicted amino acid sequence of the kinase domain is sufficiently similar to that of v-raf to suggest that pks may encode a polypeptide that exhibits serine/threonine kinase activity. The expression of pks mRNA (2.7 kilobases long) is elevated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from two patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia, a disease in which autoantibodies are produced following the lymphoproliferative activation of B cells. Analysis of somatic cell hybrids for segregation of the pks locus revealed the presence of an additional locus closely related to the pks sequence.

Full text

PDF
6315

Images in this article

6315Image
on p.6315
6315Image
on p.6315
6315Image
on p.6315
6315Image
on p.6315
6315Image
on p.6315
6315Image
on p.6315

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aviv H., Leder P. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1408–1412. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bishop J. M. Cellular oncogenes and retroviruses. Annu Rev Biochem. 1983;52:301–354. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.52.070183.001505. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bonner T. I., Kerby S. B., Sutrave P., Gunnell M. A., Mark G., Rapp U. R. Structure and biological activity of human homologs of the raf/mil oncogene. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jun;5(6):1400–1407. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.6.1400. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bonner T., O'Brien S. J., Nash W. G., Rapp U. R., Morton C. C., Leder P. The human homologs of the raf (mil) oncogene are located on human chromosomes 3 and 4. Science. 1984 Jan 6;223(4631):71–74. doi: 10.1126/science.6691137. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Boumpas D. T., Tsokos G. C., Mann D. L., Eleftheriades E. G., Harris C. C., Mark G. E. Increased proto-oncogene expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 1986 Jun;29(6):755–760. doi: 10.1002/art.1780290608. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cochet C., Gill G. N., Meisenhelder J., Cooper J. A., Hunter T. C-kinase phosphorylates the epidermal growth factor receptor and reduces its epidermal growth factor-stimulated tyrosine protein kinase activity. J Biol Chem. 1984 Feb 25;259(4):2553–2558. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cooper C. S., Park M., Blair D. G., Tainsky M. A., Huebner K., Croce C. M., Vande Woude G. F. Molecular cloning of a new transforming gene from a chemically transformed human cell line. Nature. 1984 Sep 6;311(5981):29–33. doi: 10.1038/311029a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Friedman B., Frackelton A. R., Jr, Ross A. H., Connors J. M., Fujiki H., Sugimura T., Rosner M. R. Tumor promoters block tyrosine-specific phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 May;81(10):3034–3038. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.10.3034. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Glisin V., Crkvenjakov R., Byus C. Ribonucleic acid isolated by cesium chloride centrifugation. Biochemistry. 1974 Jun 4;13(12):2633–2637. doi: 10.1021/bi00709a025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kamps M. P., Taylor S. S., Sefton B. M. Direct evidence that oncogenic tyrosine kinases and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase have homologous ATP-binding sites. Nature. 1984 Aug 16;310(5978):589–592. doi: 10.1038/310589a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kan N. C., Flordellis C. S., Mark G. E., Duesberg P. H., Papas T. S. A common onc gene sequence transduced by avian carcinoma virus MH2 and by murine sarcoma virus 3611. Science. 1984 Feb 24;223(4638):813–816. doi: 10.1126/science.6320371. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kloetzer W. S., Maxwell S. A., Arlinghaus R. B. P85gag-mos encoded by ts110 Moloney murine sarcoma virus has an associated protein kinase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(2):412–416. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.2.412. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Levinson A. D., Oppermann H., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. The purified product of the transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus phosphorylates tyrosine. J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 25;255(24):11973–11980. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mark G. E., Rapp U. R. Envelope gene sequence of two in vitro-generated mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses which contain the entire gp70 sequence of the endogenous nonecotropic parent. J Virol. 1984 Feb;49(2):530–539. doi: 10.1128/jvi.49.2.530-539.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Mark G. E., Rapp U. R. Primary structure of v-raf: relatedness to the src family of oncogenes. Science. 1984 Apr 20;224(4646):285–289. doi: 10.1126/science.6324342. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Moelling K., Heimann B., Beimling P., Rapp U. R., Sander T. Serine- and threonine-specific protein kinase activities of purified gag-mil and gag-raf proteins. Nature. 1984 Dec 6;312(5994):558–561. doi: 10.1038/312558a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Mountz J. D., Mushinski J. F., Mark G. E., Steinberg A. D. Oncogene expression in autoimmune mice. J Mol Cell Immunol. 1985;2(3):121–131. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nau M. M., Brooks B. J., Battey J., Sausville E., Gazdar A. F., Kirsch I. R., McBride O. W., Bertness V., Hollis G. F., Minna J. D. L-myc, a new myc-related gene amplified and expressed in human small cell lung cancer. Nature. 1985 Nov 7;318(6041):69–73. doi: 10.1038/318069a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Rigby P. W., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):237–251. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90052-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Schechter A. L., Stern D. F., Vaidyanathan L., Decker S. J., Drebin J. A., Greene M. I., Weinberg R. A. The neu oncogene: an erb-B-related gene encoding a 185,000-Mr tumour antigen. Nature. 1984 Dec 6;312(5994):513–516. doi: 10.1038/312513a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Seed B. Diazotizable arylamine cellulose papers for the coupling and hybridization of nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Mar 11;10(5):1799–1810. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.5.1799. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Stavnezer E., Gerhard D. S., Binari R. C., Balazs I. Generation of transforming viruses in cultures of chicken fibroblasts infected with an avian leukosis virus. J Virol. 1981 Sep;39(3):920–934. doi: 10.1128/jvi.39.3.920-934.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sutrave P., Bonner T. I., Rapp U. R., Jansen H. W., Patschinsky T., Bister K. Nucleotide sequence of avian retroviral oncogene v-mil: homologue of murine retroviral oncogene v-raf. Nature. 1984 May 3;309(5963):85–88. doi: 10.1038/309085a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES