Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1986 Dec;83(23):9099–9103. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.23.9099

The cloning, genetic mapping, and expression of the constitutive sucrose synthase locus of maize

Donald R McCarty 1, Janine R Shaw 1, L Curtis Hannah 1
PMCID: PMC387082  PMID: 16593784

Abstract

Two differentially expressed genes encode isoenzymes of sucrose synthase in Zea mays. A clone of the shrunken 1 (Sh1) locus, the structural gene for the major endosperm form of sucrose synthase, was used to isolate a genomic clone of constitutive sucrose synthase (Css), the structural gene for the isoenzyme expressed in embryo and other tissues. The Css clone was positively identified by RNA blot analysis of RNA from wild type and a sh1 deletion stock and by analysis of the in vitro translation product of hybrid-selected mRNA. Southern blot analysis of DNA from monosomic plants derived from an r-x1 stock, coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping, placed the Css gene 32 map units from Sh1 on chromosome 9. In seedling tissues, Css mRNA is present at higher levels than Sh1 mRNA. Expression of both Sh1 and Css in root tissue is enhanced by anaerobic conditions, although Css is induced to a lesser extent than is Sh1. Thus, Css appears to be expressed constitutively, whereas Sh1 is expressed at high levels only in response to specific developmental and environmental stimuli.

Keywords: duplicate loci, sugar metabolism, anaerobic induction, monosomics, gene mapping

Full text

PDF
9101

Images in this article

9101Image
on p.9101
9101Image
on p.9101
9101Image
on p.9101
9101Image
on p.9101
9101Image
on p.9101
9102Image
on p.9102
9102Image
on p.9102
9102Image
on p.9102

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bonner W. M., Laskey R. A. A film detection method for tritium-labelled proteins and nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels. Eur J Biochem. 1974 Jul 1;46(1):83–88. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03599.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Burr B., Burr F. A. Controlling-element events at the shrunken locus in maize. Genetics. 1981 May;98(1):143–156. doi: 10.1093/genetics/98.1.143. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bünemann H., Westhoff P. Hybrid selection of specific RNAs using DNA covalently coupled to macroporous supports. Methods Enzymol. 1983;100:400–407. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)00069-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chourey P. S., Nelson O. E. Interallelic Complementation at the sh Locus in Maize at the Enzyme Level. Genetics. 1979 Feb;91(2):317–325. doi: 10.1093/genetics/91.2.317. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chourey P. S., Nelson O. E. The enzymatic deficiency conditioned by the shrunken-1 mutations in maize. Biochem Genet. 1976 Dec;14(11-12):1041–1055. doi: 10.1007/BF00485135. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dooner H. K. Regulation of the enzyme UFGT by the controlling element Ds in bz-m4, an unstable mutant in maize. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1981;45(Pt 2):457–462. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1981.045.01.060. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Echt C. S., Chourey P. S. A Comparison of Two Sucrose Synthetase Isozymes from Normal and shrunken-1 Maize. Plant Physiol. 1985 Oct;79(2):530–536. doi: 10.1104/pp.79.2.530. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hannah L. C., Nelson O. E., Jr Characterization of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from shrunken-2 and brittle-2 mutants of maize. Biochem Genet. 1976 Aug;14(7-8):547–560. doi: 10.1007/BF00485834. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Helentjaris T., Weber D. F., Wright S. Use of monosomics to map cloned DNA fragments in maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Aug;83(16):6035–6039. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.16.6035. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. NELSON O. E., RINES H. W. The enzymatic deficiency in the waxy mutant of maize. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1962 Oct 31;9:297–300. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(62)90043-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Nelson O. E., Chourey P. S., Chang M. T. Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugar-Starch Glucosyl Transferase Activity of wx Starch Granules. Plant Physiol. 1978 Sep;62(3):383–386. doi: 10.1104/pp.62.3.383. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Pan D., Nelson O. E. A debranching enzyme deficiency in endosperms of the sugary-1 mutants of maize. Plant Physiol. 1984 Feb;74(2):324–328. doi: 10.1104/pp.74.2.324. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Pelham H. R., Jackson R. J. An efficient mRNA-dependent translation system from reticulocyte lysates. Eur J Biochem. 1976 Aug 1;67(1):247–256. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10656.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Saglio P. H., Raymond P., Pradet A. Metabolic Activity and Energy Charge of Excised Maize Root Tips under Anoxia: CONTROL BY SOLUBLE SUGARS. Plant Physiol. 1980 Dec;66(6):1053–1057. doi: 10.1104/pp.66.6.1053. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Schwarz-Sommer Z., Gierl A., Klösgen R. B., Wienand U., Peterson P. A., Saedler H. The Spm (En) transposable element controls the excision of a 2-kb DNA insert at the wx allele of Zea mays. EMBO J. 1984 May;3(5):1021–1028. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01922.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Shure M., Wessler S., Fedoroff N. Molecular identification and isolation of the Waxy locus in maize. Cell. 1983 Nov;35(1):225–233. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90225-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Su J. C., Preiss J. Purification and properties of sucrose synthase from maize kernels. Plant Physiol. 1978 Mar;61(3):389–393. doi: 10.1104/pp.61.3.389. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Tsai C. Y., Nelson O. E. Starch-deficient maize mutant lacking adenosine dephosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase activity. Science. 1966 Jan 21;151(3708):341–343. doi: 10.1126/science.151.3708.341. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Werr W., Frommer W. B., Maas C., Starlinger P. Structure of the sucrose synthase gene on chromosome 9 of Zea mays L. EMBO J. 1985 Jun;4(6):1373–1380. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03789.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Wessler S. R., Varagona M. J. Molecular basis of mutations at the waxy locus of maize: correlation with the fine structure genetic map. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jun;82(12):4177–4181. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.12.4177. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES