Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1985 Aug;82(15):5064–5067. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.15.5064

Linkage map of the short arm of human chromosome 11: location of the genes for catalase, calcitonin, and insulin-like growth factor II.

S D Kittur, J W Hoppener, S E Antonarakis, J D Daniels, D A Meyers, N E Maestri, M Jansen, R G Korneluk, B D Nelkin, H H Kazazian Jr
PMCID: PMC390499  PMID: 2991908

Abstract

The following order of genes on the short arm of human chromosome 11 (11p) was determined previously: parathyroid hormone (PTH)-the beta-globin gene cluster (HBBC)-HRAS1/insulin. Although it is generally agreed that HRAS1 (formerly termed c-Ha-ras-1) and the insulin gene are close to each other [1-4 centimorgans (cM)], their order on chromosome 11p is still in question. We have now added three other genes, those for catalase, calcitonin, and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), to this map of chromosome 11p by use of restriction site polymorphisms adjacent to these genes in classical linkage analysis. Most importantly, we find no evidence of linkage between the catalase and HBBC loci. In addition, our data indicate that the calcitonin gene is located between the catalase gene and the PTH gene. Our best estimate of the distance between the catalase and calcitonin gene is approximately 16 cM, while that between the calcitonin and PTH genes is approximately equal to 8 cM. In agreement, very loose linkage was found between the catalase and PTH loci (approximately 26 cM). Since the catalase locus has been mapped to 11p13, these data support the view that the PTH, HBBC, HRAS1, and insulin loci are located on the distal short arm of chromosome 11. The IGF-II gene is tightly linked to both the HRAS1 oncogene and the insulin gene since no recombinants were observed between the IGF-II and the HRAS1/insulin loci. Thus, based on our linkage analysis we propose that the most likely gene order for the short arm of chromosome 11 is centromere-catalase-calcitonin-PTH-HBBC-HRAS1/insulin-tel ome re and that the IGF-II gene is very close to both the HRAS1 and the insulin genes.

Full text

PDF
5067

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Antonarakis S. E., Boehm C. D., Giardina P. J., Kazazian H. H., Jr Nonrandom association of polymorphic restriction sites in the beta-globin gene cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(1):137–141. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.1.137. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Antonarakis S. E., Phillips J. A., 3rd, Mallonee R. L., Kazazian H. H., Jr, Fearon E. R., Waber P. G., Kronenberg H. M., Ullrich A., Meyers D. A. Beta-globin locus is linked to the parathyroid hormone (PTH) locus and lies between the insulin and PTH loci in man. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Nov;80(21):6615–6619. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.21.6615. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bell G. I., Merryweather J. P., Sanchez-Pescador R., Stempien M. M., Priestley L., Scott J., Rall L. B. Sequence of a cDNA clone encoding human preproinsulin-like growth factor II. 1984 Aug 30-Sep 5Nature. 310(5980):775–777. doi: 10.1038/310775a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Blundell T. L., Humbel R. E. Hormone families: pancreatic hormones and homologous growth factors. Nature. 1980 Oct 30;287(5785):781–787. doi: 10.1038/287781a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brissenden J. E., Ullrich A., Francke U. Human chromosomal mapping of genes for insulin-like growth factors I and II and epidermal growth factor. 1984 Aug 30-Sep 5Nature. 310(5980):781–784. doi: 10.1038/310781a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chaganti R. S., Jhanwar S. C., Antonarakis S. E., Hayward W. S. Germ-line chromosomal localization of genes in chromosome 11p linkage: parathyroid hormone, beta-globin, c-Ha-ras-1, and insulin. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1985 Mar;11(2):197–202. doi: 10.1007/BF01534708. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Deisseroth A., Nienhuis A., Lawrence J., Giles R., Turner P., Ruddle F. H. Chromosomal localization of human beta globin gene on human chromosome 11 in somatic cell hybrids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Mar;75(3):1456–1460. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.3.1456. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dull T. J., Gray A., Hayflick J. S., Ullrich A. Insulin-like growth factor II precursor gene organization in relation to insulin gene family. 1984 Aug 30-Sep 5Nature. 310(5980):777–781. doi: 10.1038/310777a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fearon E. R., Antonarakis S. E., Meyers D. A., Levine M. A. c-Ha-ras-1 oncogene lies between beta-globin and insulin loci on human chromosome 11p. Am J Hum Genet. 1984 Mar;36(2):329–337. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gerhard D. S., Kidd K. K., Kidd J. R., Egeland J. A., Housman D. E. Identification of a recent recombination event within the human beta-globin gene cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(24):7875–7879. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.24.7875. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Goldfarb M., Shimizu K., Perucho M., Wigler M. Isolation and preliminary characterization of a human transforming gene from T24 bladder carcinoma cells. Nature. 1982 Apr 1;296(5856):404–409. doi: 10.1038/296404a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gusella J., Varsanyi-Breiner A., Kao F. T., Jones C., Puck T. T., Keys C., Orkin S., Housman D. Precise localization of human beta-globin gene complex on chromosome 11. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Oct;76(10):5239–5242. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.10.5239. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Harper M. E., Ullrich A., Saunders G. F. Localization of the human insulin gene to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 11. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jul;78(7):4458–4460. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.7.4458. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hendy G. N., Kronenberg H. M., Potts J. T., Jr, Rich A. Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNAs encoding human preproparathyroid hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Dec;78(12):7365–7369. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.12.7365. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Huerre C., Despoisse S., Gilgenkrantz S., Lenoir G. M., Junien C. c-Ha-ras1 is not deleted in aniridia-Wilms' tumour association. Nature. 1983 Oct 13;305(5935):638–641. doi: 10.1038/305638a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Höppener J. W., Steenbergh P. H., Zandberg J., Bakker E., Pearson P. L., Geurts van Kessel A. H., Jansz H. S., Lips C. J. Localization of the polymorphic human calcitonin gene on chromosome 11. Hum Genet. 1984;66(4):309–312. doi: 10.1007/BF00287635. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Jansen M., van Schaik F. M., van Tol H., Van den Brande J. L., Sussenbach J. S. Nucleotide sequences of cDNAs encoding precursors of human insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and an IGF-II variant. FEBS Lett. 1985 Jan 7;179(2):243–246. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80527-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Jhanwar S. C., Neel B. G., Hayward W. S., Chaganti R. S. Localization of c-ras oncogene family on human germ-line chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Aug;80(15):4794–4797. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.15.4794. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Junien C., Turleau C., de Grouchy J., Saïd R., Rethoré MO L., Tenconi R., Dufier J. L. Regional assignment of catalase (CAT) gene to band 11p13. Association with the aniridia-Wilms' tumor-Gonadoblastoma (WAGR) complex. Ann Genet. 1980;23(3):165–168. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Korneluk R. G., Quan F., Lewis W. H., Guise K. S., Willard H. F., Holmes M. T., Gravel R. A. Isolation of human fibroblast catalase cDNA clones. Sequence of clones derived from spliced and unspliced mRNA. J Biol Chem. 1984 Nov 25;259(22):13819–13823. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kunkel L. M., Smith K. D., Boyer S. H., Borgaonkar D. S., Wachtel S. S., Miller O. J., Breg W. R., Jones H. W., Jr, Rary J. M. Analysis of human Y-chromosome-specific reiterated DNA in chromosome variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Mar;74(3):1245–1249. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.3.1245. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. MORTON N. E. Sequential tests for the detection of linkage. Am J Hum Genet. 1955 Sep;7(3):277–318. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Malcolm S., Barton P., Murphy C., Ferguson-Smith M. A. Chromosomal localization of a single copy gene by in situ hybridization--human beta globin genes on the short arm of chromosome 11. Ann Hum Genet. 1981 May;45(Pt 2):135–141. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1981.tb00315.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Maniatis T., Kee S. G., Efstratiadis A., Kafatos F. C. Amplification and characterization of a beta-globin gene synthesized in vitro. Cell. 1976 Jun;8(2):163–182. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90001-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. McBride O. W., Swan D. C., Santos E., Barbacid M., Tronick S. R., Aaronson S. A. Localization of the normal allele of T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene to chromosome 11. Nature. 1982 Dec 23;300(5894):773–774. doi: 10.1038/300773a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Narahara K., Kikkawa K., Kimira S., Kimoto H., Ogata M., Kasai R., Hamawaki M., Matsuoka K. Regional mapping of catalase and Wilms tumor--aniridia, genitourinary abnormalities, and mental retardation triad loci to the chromosome segment 11p1305----p1306. Hum Genet. 1984;66(2-3):181–185. doi: 10.1007/BF00286597. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Naylor S. L., Sakaguchi A. Y., Szoka P., Hendy G. N., Kronenberg H. M., Rich A., Shows T. B. Human parathyroid hormone gene (PTH) is on short arm of chromosome 11. Somatic Cell Genet. 1983 Sep;9(5):609–616. doi: 10.1007/BF01574261. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Nelkin B. D., Rosenfeld K. I., de Bustros A., Leong S. S., Roos B. A., Baylin S. B. Structure and expression of a gene encoding human calcitonin and calcitonin gene related peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 Sep 17;123(2):648–655. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)90278-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Orkin S. H., Kazazian H. H., Jr The mutation and polymorphism of the human beta-globin gene and its surrounding DNA. Annu Rev Genet. 1984;18:131–171. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.18.120184.001023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Orkin S. H., Little P. F., Kazazian H. H., Jr, Boehm C. D. Improved detection of the sickle mutation by DNA analysis: application to prenatal diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 1982 Jul 1;307(1):32–36. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198207013070106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Ott J. Estimation of the recombination fraction in human pedigrees: efficient computation of the likelihood for human linkage studies. Am J Hum Genet. 1974 Sep;26(5):588–597. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Owerbach D., Bell G. I., Rutter W. J., Brown J. A., Shows T. B. The insulin gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 11 in humans. Diabetes. 1981 Mar;30(3):267–270. doi: 10.2337/diab.30.3.267. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Przepiorka D., Baylin S. B., McBride O. W., Testa J. R., de Bustros A., Nelkin B. D. The human calcitonin gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 11. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 Apr 30;120(2):493–499. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)91281-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Southern E. Gel electrophoresis of restriction fragments. Methods Enzymol. 1979;68:152–176. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)68011-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Szabo P., Purrello M., Rocchi M., Archidiacono N., Alhadeff B., Filippi G., Toniolo D., Martini G., Luzzatto L., Siniscalco M. Cytological mapping of the human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene distal to the fragile-X site suggests a high rate of meiotic recombination across this site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(24):7855–7859. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.24.7855. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Tricoli J. V., Rall L. B., Scott J., Bell G. I., Shows T. B. Localization of insulin-like growth factor genes to human chromosomes 11 and 12. 1984 Aug 30-Sep 5Nature. 310(5980):784–786. doi: 10.1038/310784a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Ullrich A., Dull T. J., Gray A., Brosius J., Sures I. Genetic variation in the human insulin gene. Science. 1980 Aug 1;209(4456):612–615. doi: 10.1126/science.6248962. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. White R., Leppert M., Bishop D. T., Barker D., Berkowitz J., Brown C., Callahan P., Holm T., Jerominski L. Construction of linkage maps with DNA markers for human chromosomes. Nature. 1985 Jan 10;313(5998):101–105. doi: 10.1038/313101a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Yunis J. J., Soreng A. L. Constitutive fragile sites and cancer. Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1199–1204. doi: 10.1126/science.6239375. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. de Martinville B., Francke U. The c-Ha-ras1, insulin and beta-globin loci map outside the deletion associated with aniridia-Wilms' tumour. Nature. 1983 Oct 13;305(5935):641–643. doi: 10.1038/305641a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. de Martinville B., Giacalone J., Shih C., Weinberg R. A., Francke U. Oncogene from human EJ bladder carcinoma is located on the short arm of chromosome 11. Science. 1983 Feb 4;219(4584):498–501. doi: 10.1126/science.6297001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES