Skip to main content
The EMBO Journal logoLink to The EMBO Journal
. 1989 Oct;8(10):2975–2981. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08447.x

Multiple domains of the large fibroblast proteoglycan, versican.

D R Zimmermann 1, E Ruoslahti 1
PMCID: PMC401368  PMID: 2583089

Abstract

The primary structure of a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expressed by human fibroblasts has been determined. Overlapping cDNA clones code for the entire 2389 amino acid long core protein and the 20-residue signal peptide. The sequence predicts a potential hyaluronic acid-binding domain in the amino-terminal portion. This domain contains sequences virtually identical to partial peptide sequences from a glial hyaluronate-binding protein. Putative glycosaminoglycan attachment sites are located in the middle of the protein. The carboxy-terminal portion includes two epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats, a lectin-like sequence and a complement regulatory protein-like domain. The same set of binding elements has also been identified in a new class of cell adhesion molecules. Amino- and carboxy-terminal portions of the fibroblast core protein are closely related to the core protein of a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of chondrosarcoma cells. However, the glycosaminoglycan attachment regions in the middle of the core proteins are different and only the fibroblast core protein contains EGF-like repeats. Based on the similarities of its domains with various binding elements of other proteins, we suggest that the large fibroblast proteoglycan, herein referred to as versican, may function in cell recognition, possibly by connecting extracellular matrix components and cell surface glycoproteins.

Full text

PDF
2981

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Appella E., Weber I. T., Blasi F. Structure and function of epidermal growth factor-like regions in proteins. FEBS Lett. 1988 Apr 11;231(1):1–4. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80690-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bevilacqua M. P., Stengelin S., Gimbrone M. A., Jr, Seed B. Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1: an inducible receptor for neutrophils related to complement regulatory proteins and lectins. Science. 1989 Mar 3;243(4895):1160–1165. doi: 10.1126/science.2466335. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bourdon M. A., Krusius T., Campbell S., Schwartz N. B., Ruoslahti E. Identification and synthesis of a recognition signal for the attachment of glycosaminoglycans to proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(10):3194–3198. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.10.3194. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chung L. P., Bentley D. R., Reid K. B. Molecular cloning and characterization of the cDNA coding for C4b-binding protein, a regulatory protein of the classical pathway of the human complement system. Biochem J. 1985 Aug 15;230(1):133–141. doi: 10.1042/bj2300133. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Deák F., Kiss I., Sparks K. J., Argraves W. S., Hampikian G., Goetinck P. F. Complete amino acid sequence of chicken cartilage link protein deduced from cDNA clones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(11):3766–3770. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.11.3766. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Doege K., Hassell J. R., Caterson B., Yamada Y. Link protein cDNA sequence reveals a tandemly repeated protein structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(11):3761–3765. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.11.3761. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Doege K., Sasaki M., Horigan E., Hassell J. R., Yamada Y. Complete primary structure of the rat cartilage proteoglycan core protein deduced from cDNA clones. J Biol Chem. 1987 Dec 25;262(36):17757–17767. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Goetinck P. F., Stirpe N. S., Tsonis P. A., Carlone D. The tandemly repeated sequences of cartilage link protein contain the sites for interaction with hyaluronic acid. J Cell Biol. 1987 Nov;105(5):2403–2408. doi: 10.1083/jcb.105.5.2403. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Goldstein L. A., Zhou D. F., Picker L. J., Minty C. N., Bargatze R. F., Ding J. F., Butcher E. C. A human lymphocyte homing receptor, the hermes antigen, is related to cartilage proteoglycan core and link proteins. Cell. 1989 Mar 24;56(6):1063–1072. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90639-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gubler U., Hoffman B. J. A simple and very efficient method for generating cDNA libraries. Gene. 1983 Nov;25(2-3):263–269. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90230-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Halberg D. F., Proulx G., Doege K., Yamada Y., Drickamer K. A segment of the cartilage proteoglycan core protein has lectin-like activity. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jul 5;263(19):9486–9490. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Heinegård D., Sommarin Y. Proteoglycans: an overview. Methods Enzymol. 1987;144:305–319. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)44185-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Huber S., Winterhalter K. H., Vaughan L. Isolation and sequence analysis of the glycosaminoglycan attachment site of type IX collagen. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jan 15;263(2):752–756. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Johansson S., Hedman K., Kjellén L., Christner J., Vaheri A., Hök M. Structure and interactions of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix produced by cultured human fibroblasts. Biochem J. 1985 Nov 15;232(1):161–168. doi: 10.1042/bj2320161. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Johnston G. I., Cook R. G., McEver R. P. Cloning of GMP-140, a granule membrane protein of platelets and endothelium: sequence similarity to proteins involved in cell adhesion and inflammation. Cell. 1989 Mar 24;56(6):1033–1044. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90636-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kessel M., Schulze F., Fibi M., Gruss P. Primary structure and nuclear localization of a murine homeodomain protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(15):5306–5310. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.15.5306. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kimata K., Oike Y., Tani K., Shinomura T., Yamagata M., Uritani M., Suzuki S. A large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (PG-M) synthesized before chondrogenesis in the limb bud of chick embryo. J Biol Chem. 1986 Oct 15;261(29):13517–13525. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kiss I., Deák F., Mestrić S., Delius H., Soos J., Dékány K., Argraves W. S., Sparks K. J., Goetinck P. F. Structure of the chicken link protein gene: exons correlate with the protein domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Sep;84(18):6399–6403. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.18.6399. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kozak M. Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 25;12(2):857–872. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.2.857. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kristensen T., Tack B. F. Murine protein H is comprised of 20 repeating units, 61 amino acids in length. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(11):3963–3967. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.11.3963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Krusius T., Gehlsen K. R., Ruoslahti E. A fibroblast chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein contains lectin-like and growth factor-like sequences. J Biol Chem. 1987 Sep 25;262(27):13120–13125. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Krusius T., Ruoslahti E. Primary structure of an extracellular matrix proteoglycan core protein deduced from cloned cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(20):7683–7687. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.20.7683. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Lapeyre B., Bourbon H., Amalric F. Nucleolin, the major nucleolar protein of growing eukaryotic cells: an unusual protein structure revealed by the nucleotide sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(6):1472–1476. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.6.1472. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Lasky L. A., Singer M. S., Yednock T. A., Dowbenko D., Fennie C., Rodriguez H., Nguyen T., Stachel S., Rosen S. D. Cloning of a lymphocyte homing receptor reveals a lectin domain. Cell. 1989 Mar 24;56(6):1045–1055. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90637-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Laurent T. C., Fraser J. R. The properties and turnover of hyaluronan. Ciba Found Symp. 1986;124:9–29. doi: 10.1002/9780470513385.ch2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Manfioletti G., Schneider C. A new and fast method for preparing high quality lambda DNA suitable for sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Apr 11;16(7):2873–2884. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.7.2873. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Mole J. E., Anderson J. K., Davison E. A., Woods D. E. Complete primary structure for the zymogen of human complement factor B. J Biol Chem. 1984 Mar 25;259(6):3407–3412. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Mörgelin M., Paulsson M., Hardingham T. E., Heinegård D., Engel J. Cartilage proteoglycans. Assembly with hyaluronate and link protein as studied by electron microscopy. Biochem J. 1988 Jul 1;253(1):175–185. doi: 10.1042/bj2530175. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Müller-Eberhard H. J. Molecular organization and function of the complement system. Annu Rev Biochem. 1988;57:321–347. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.001541. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Oldberg A., Antonsson P., Heinegård D. The partial amino acid sequence of bovine cartilage proteoglycan, deduced from a cDNA clone, contains numerous Ser-Gly sequences arranged in homologous repeats. Biochem J. 1987 Apr 1;243(1):255–259. doi: 10.1042/bj2430255. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Oldberg A., Franzén A., Heinegård D. The primary structure of a cell-binding bone sialoprotein. J Biol Chem. 1988 Dec 25;263(36):19430–19432. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Panayotou G., End P., Aumailley M., Timpl R., Engel J. Domains of laminin with growth-factor activity. Cell. 1989 Jan 13;56(1):93–101. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90987-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Paulsson M., Mörgelin M., Wiedemann H., Beardmore-Gray M., Dunham D., Hardingham T., Heinegård D., Timpl R., Engel J. Extended and globular protein domains in cartilage proteoglycans. Biochem J. 1987 Aug 1;245(3):763–772. doi: 10.1042/bj2450763. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Pearson W. R., Lipman D. J. Improved tools for biological sequence comparison. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2444–2448. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.8.2444. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Perides G., Lane W. S., Andrews D., Dahl D., Bignami A. Isolation and partial characterization of a glial hyaluronate-binding protein. J Biol Chem. 1989 Apr 5;264(10):5981–5987. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Poole A. R. Proteoglycans in health and disease: structures and functions. Biochem J. 1986 May 15;236(1):1–14. doi: 10.1042/bj2360001. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Rimon S., Melamed R., Savion N., Scott T., Nawroth P. P., Stern D. M. Identification of a factor IX/IXa binding protein on the endothelial cell surface. J Biol Chem. 1987 May 5;262(13):6023–6031. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Ruoslahti E. Structure and biology of proteoglycans. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1988;4:229–255. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.04.110188.001305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Sai S., Tanaka T., Kosher R. A., Tanzer M. L. Cloning and sequence analysis of a partial cDNA for chicken cartilage proteoglycan core protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(14):5081–5085. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.14.5081. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Saunders S., Jalkanen M., O'Farrell S., Bernfield M. Molecular cloning of syndecan, an integral membrane proteoglycan. J Cell Biol. 1989 Apr;108(4):1547–1556. doi: 10.1083/jcb.108.4.1547. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Siegelman M. H., van de Rijn M., Weissman I. L. Mouse lymph node homing receptor cDNA clone encodes a glycoprotein revealing tandem interaction domains. Science. 1989 Mar 3;243(4895):1165–1172. doi: 10.1126/science.2646713. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Stamenkovic I., Amiot M., Pesando J. M., Seed B. A lymphocyte molecule implicated in lymph node homing is a member of the cartilage link protein family. Cell. 1989 Mar 24;56(6):1057–1062. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90638-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Stoolman L. M. Adhesion molecules controlling lymphocyte migration. Cell. 1989 Mar 24;56(6):907–910. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90620-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Tomita M., Furthmayr H., Marchesi V. T. Primary structure of human erythrocyte glycophorin A. Isolation and characterization of peptides and complete amino acid sequence. Biochemistry. 1978 Oct 31;17(22):4756–4770. doi: 10.1021/bi00615a025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Yamagata M., Yamada K. M., Yoneda M., Suzuki S., Kimata K. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (PG-M-like proteoglycan) is involved in the binding of hyaluronic acid to cellular fibronectin. J Biol Chem. 1986 Oct 15;261(29):13526–13535. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. von Heijne G. A new method for predicting signal sequence cleavage sites. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Jun 11;14(11):4683–4690. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.11.4683. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The EMBO Journal are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES