Abstract
The bithorax complex (BX-C) of Drosophila, one of two complexes that act as master regulators of the body plan of the fly, is included within a sequence of 338,234 bp (SEQ89E). This paper presents the strategy used in sequencing SEQ89E and an analysis of its open reading frames. The BX-C sequence (BXCALL) contains 314,895 bp obtained by deletion of putative genes that are located at each end of SEQ89E and appear to be functionally unrelated to the BX-C. Only 1.4% of BXCALL codes for the three homeodomain-containing proteins of the complex. Principal findings include a putative ABD-A protein (ABD-AII) larger than a previously known ABD-A protein and a putative glucose transporter-like gene (1521 bp) located at or near the bithoraxoid (bxd), infra-abdominal-2 (iab-2) boundary on the opposite strand relative to that of the homeobox-containing genes.
Full text
PDF




Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Akam M. E., Martinez-Arias A., Weinzierl R., Wilde C. D. Function and expression of ultrabithorax in the Drosophila embryo. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1985;50:195–200. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1985.050.01.025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Altschul S. F., Gish W., Miller W., Myers E. W., Lipman D. J. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403–410. doi: 10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baron M. D., Davison M. D., Jones P., Critchley D. R. The sequence of chick alpha-actinin reveals homologies to spectrin and calmodulin. J Biol Chem. 1987 Dec 25;262(36):17623–17629. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bender W., Akam M., Karch F., Beachy P. A., Peifer M., Spierer P., Lewis E. B., Hogness D. S. Molecular Genetics of the Bithorax Complex in Drosophila melanogaster. Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):23–29. doi: 10.1126/science.221.4605.23. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boncinelli E., Somma R., Acampora D., Pannese M., D'Esposito M., Faiella A., Simeone A. Organization of human homeobox genes. Hum Reprod. 1988 Oct;3(7):880–886. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136802. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brannan C. I., Dees E. C., Ingram R. S., Tilghman S. M. The product of the H19 gene may function as an RNA. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jan;10(1):28–36. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.1.28. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brenner S. The molecular evolution of genes and proteins: a tale of two serines. Nature. 1988 Aug 11;334(6182):528–530. doi: 10.1038/334528a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown C. J., Hendrich B. D., Rupert J. L., Lafrenière R. G., Xing Y., Lawrence J., Willard H. F. The human XIST gene: analysis of a 17 kb inactive X-specific RNA that contains conserved repeats and is highly localized within the nucleus. Cell. 1992 Oct 30;71(3):527–542. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90520-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Celniker S. E., Sharma S., Keelan D. J., Lewis E. B. The molecular genetics of the bithorax complex of Drosophila: cis-regulation in the Abdominal-B domain. EMBO J. 1990 Dec;9(13):4277–4286. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07876.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Coulter-Karis D. E., Hershfield M. S. Sequence of full length cDNA for human S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Ann Hum Genet. 1989 May;53(Pt 2):169–175. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1989.tb01781.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cumberledge S., Zaratzian A., Sakonju S. Characterization of two RNAs transcribed from the cis-regulatory region of the abd-A domain within the Drosophila bithorax complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(9):3259–3263. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.9.3259. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DeLorenzi M., Ali N., Saari G., Henry C., Wilcox M., Bienz M. Evidence that the Abdominal-B r element function is conferred by a trans-regulatory homeoprotein. EMBO J. 1988 Oct;7(10):3223–3231. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03189.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gould G. W., Holman G. D. The glucose transporter family: structure, function and tissue-specific expression. Biochem J. 1993 Oct 15;295(Pt 2):329–341. doi: 10.1042/bj2950329. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartl D. L., Nurminsky D. I., Jones R. W., Lozovskaya E. R. Genome structure and evolution in Drosophila: applications of the framework P1 map. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jul 19;91(15):6824–6829. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.15.6824. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Herz J., Hamann U., Rogne S., Myklebost O., Gausepohl H., Stanley K. K. Surface location and high affinity for calcium of a 500-kd liver membrane protein closely related to the LDL-receptor suggest a physiological role as lipoprotein receptor. EMBO J. 1988 Dec 20;7(13):4119–4127. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03306.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hogan N. C., Slot F., Traverse K. L., Garbe J. C., Bendena W. G., Pardue M. L. Stability of tandem repeats in the Drosophila melanogaster Hsr-omega nuclear RNA. Genetics. 1995 Apr;139(4):1611–1621. doi: 10.1093/genetics/139.4.1611. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hogness D. S., Lipshitz H. D., Beachy P. A., Peattie D. A., Saint R. B., Goldschmidt-Clermont M., Harte P. J., Gavis E. R., Helfand S. L. Regulation and products of the Ubx domain of the bithorax complex. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1985;50:181–194. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1985.050.01.024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones K. R., Rubin G. M. Molecular analysis of no-on-transient A, a gene required for normal vision in Drosophila. Neuron. 1990 May;4(5):711–723. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90197-n. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Karch F., Bender W., Weiffenbach B. abdA expression in Drosophila embryos. Genes Dev. 1990 Sep;4(9):1573–1587. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.9.1573. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Karch F., Weiffenbach B., Peifer M., Bender W., Duncan I., Celniker S., Crosby M., Lewis E. B. The abdominal region of the bithorax complex. Cell. 1985 Nov;43(1):81–96. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90014-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaufman T. C., Lewis R., Wakimoto B. Cytogenetic Analysis of Chromosome 3 in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: The Homoeotic Gene Complex in Polytene Chromosome Interval 84a-B. Genetics. 1980 Jan;94(1):115–133. doi: 10.1093/genetics/94.1.115. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kornfeld K., Saint R. B., Beachy P. A., Harte P. J., Peattie D. A., Hogness D. S. Structure and expression of a family of Ultrabithorax mRNAs generated by alternative splicing and polyadenylation in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 1989 Feb;3(2):243–258. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.2.243. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Krumlauf R., Holland P. W., McVey J. H., Hogan B. L. Developmental and spatial patterns of expression of the mouse homeobox gene, Hox 2.1. Development. 1987 Apr;99(4):603–617. doi: 10.1242/dev.99.4.603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kubota H., Hynes G., Carne A., Ashworth A., Willison K. Identification of six Tcp-1-related genes encoding divergent subunits of the TCP-1-containing chaperonin. Curr Biol. 1994 Feb 1;4(2):89–99. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(94)00024-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LEWIS E. B. Pseudoallelism and gene evolution. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1951;16:159–174. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1951.016.01.014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lewis E. B. A gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila. Nature. 1978 Dec 7;276(5688):565–570. doi: 10.1038/276565a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lewis E. B., Knafels J. D., Mathog D. R., Celniker S. E. Sequence analysis of the cis-regulatory regions of the bithorax complex of Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 29;92(18):8403–8407. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.18.8403. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lewis E. B. Regulation of the genes of the bithorax complex in Drosophila. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1985;50:155–164. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1985.050.01.021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lipman D. J., Pearson W. R. Rapid and sensitive protein similarity searches. Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1435–1441. doi: 10.1126/science.2983426. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lipshitz H. D., Peattie D. A., Hogness D. S. Novel transcripts from the Ultrabithorax domain of the bithorax complex. Genes Dev. 1987 May;1(3):307–322. doi: 10.1101/gad.1.3.307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mathog D. Transvection in the Ultrabithorax domain of the bithorax complex of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics. 1990 Jun;125(2):371–382. doi: 10.1093/genetics/125.2.371. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McGinnis W., Levine M. S., Hafen E., Kuroiwa A., Gehring W. J. A conserved DNA sequence in homoeotic genes of the Drosophila Antennapedia and bithorax complexes. 1984 Mar 29-Apr 4Nature. 308(5958):428–433. doi: 10.1038/308428a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mount S. M., Burks C., Hertz G., Stormo G. D., White O., Fields C. Splicing signals in Drosophila: intron size, information content, and consensus sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Aug 25;20(16):4255–4262. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.16.4255. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Connor M. B., Binari R., Perkins L. A., Bender W. Alternative RNA products from the Ultrabithorax domain of the bithorax complex. EMBO J. 1988 Feb;7(2):435–445. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02831.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scott M. P., Weiner A. J. Structural relationships among genes that control development: sequence homology between the Antennapedia, Ultrabithorax, and fushi tarazu loci of Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(13):4115–4119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.13.4115. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith C., Giordano H., DeLotto R. Mutational analysis of the Drosophila snake protease: an essential role for domains within the proenzyme polypeptide chain. Genetics. 1994 Apr;136(4):1355–1365. doi: 10.1093/genetics/136.4.1355. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stanley K. K., Page M., Campbell A. K., Luzio J. P. A mechanism for the insertion of complement component C9 into target membranes. Mol Immunol. 1986 May;23(5):451–458. doi: 10.1016/0161-5890(86)90108-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Strathmann M., Hamilton B. A., Mayeda C. A., Simon M. I., Meyerowitz E. M., Palazzolo M. J. Transposon-facilitated DNA sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 15;88(4):1247–1250. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1247. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sánchez-Herrero E., Akam M. Spatially ordered transcription of regulatory DNA in the bithorax complex of Drosophila. Development. 1989 Oct;107(2):321–329. doi: 10.1242/dev.107.2.321. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Toung Y. P., Hsieh T. S., Tu C. P. The glutathione S-transferase D genes. A divergently organized, intronless gene family in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Chem. 1993 May 5;268(13):9737–9746. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Watanabe Y., Yamamoto M. S. pombe mei2+ encodes an RNA-binding protein essential for premeiotic DNA synthesis and meiosis I, which cooperates with a novel RNA species meiRNA. Cell. 1994 Aug 12;78(3):487–498. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90426-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilson R., Ainscough R., Anderson K., Baynes C., Berks M., Bonfield J., Burton J., Connell M., Copsey T., Cooper J. 2.2 Mb of contiguous nucleotide sequence from chromosome III of C. elegans. Nature. 1994 Mar 3;368(6466):32–38. doi: 10.1038/368032a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yoshida K., Strathmann M. P., Mayeda C. A., Martin C. H., Palazzolo M. J. A simple and efficient method for constructing high resolution physical maps. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Jul 25;21(15):3553–3562. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.15.3553. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zavortink M., Sakonju S. The morphogenetic and regulatory functions of the Drosophila Abdominal-B gene are encoded in overlapping RNAs transcribed from separate promoters. Genes Dev. 1989 Dec;3(12A):1969–1981. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.12a.1969. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zinn K., McAllister L., Goodman C. S. Sequence analysis and neuronal expression of fasciclin I in grasshopper and Drosophila. Cell. 1988 May 20;53(4):577–587. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90574-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]