Skip to main content
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1979 Jun;24(3):679–684. doi: 10.1128/iai.24.3.679-684.1979

Purification and characterization of different types of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus aureus.

A D Johnson, L Spero, J S Cades, B T de Cicco
PMCID: PMC414360  PMID: 468373

Abstract

Exfoliative toxin was isolated from strain DI of Staphylococcus aureus using carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxylapatite chromatography. This purified toxin was compared with that produced by strain TA. The specific biological activity of the two toxins was the same, but they were serologically distinct. These strains have different loci (plasmid or chromosomal) for toxin production; differences were seen in molecular weight and amino acid composition. N-terminal amino acid sequences from the two strains showed significant homology using a single unit alignment shift.

Full text

PDF
683

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arbuthnott J. P., Billcliffe B. Qualitative and quantitative methods for detecting staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin. J Med Microbiol. 1976 May;9(2):191–201. doi: 10.1099/00222615-9-2-191. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Arbuthnott J. P., Billcliffe B., Thompson W. D. Isoelectric focusing studies of staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin. FEBS Lett. 1974 Sep 15;46(1):92–95. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80342-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Arbuthnott J. P., Kent J., Lyell A., Gemmell C. G. Toxic epidermal necrolysis produced by an extracellular product of Staphylococcus aureus. Br J Dermatol. 1971 Aug;85(2):145–149. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb07200.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dimond R. L., Wuepper K. D. Purification and characterization of a staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin. Infect Immun. 1976 Feb;13(2):627–633. doi: 10.1128/iai.13.2.627-633.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Edelhoch H. Spectroscopic determination of tryptophan and tyrosine in proteins. Biochemistry. 1967 Jul;6(7):1948–1954. doi: 10.1021/bi00859a010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Elias P. M., Fritsch P., Tappeiner G., Mittermayer H., Wolff K. Experimental staphylococcal toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in adult humans and mice. J Lab Clin Med. 1974 Sep;84(3):414–424. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. GUIDOTTI G. The action of carboxypeptidases A and B on the separated alpha and beta chains of normal adult human hemoglobin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1960 Jul 29;42:177–179. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(60)90774-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hermodson M. A., Ericsson L. H., Titani K., Neurath H., Walsh K. A. Application of sequenator analyses to the study of proteins. Biochemistry. 1972 Nov 21;11(24):4493–4502. doi: 10.1021/bi00774a011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Johnson A. D., Metzger J. F., Spero L. Production, purification, and chemical characterization of Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin. Infect Immun. 1975 Nov;12(5):1206–1210. doi: 10.1128/iai.12.5.1206-1210.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kapral F. A., Miller M. M. Product of Staphylococcus aureus responsible for the scalded-skin syndrome. Infect Immun. 1971 Nov;4(5):541–545. doi: 10.1128/iai.4.5.541-545.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Katz E. P. Molecular weight determination from amino acid analysis data: a numerical method. Anal Biochem. 1968 Oct 24;25(1):417–431. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(68)90117-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kondo I., Sakurai S., Sarai Y. New type of exfoliatin obtained from staphylococcal strains, belonging to phage groups other than group II, isolated from patients with impetigo and Ritter's disease. Infect Immun. 1974 Oct;10(4):851–861. doi: 10.1128/iai.10.4.851-861.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kondo I., Sakurai S., Sarai Y. Purification of exfoliatin produced by Staphylococcus aureus of bacteriophage group 2 and its physicochemical properties. Infect Immun. 1973 Aug;8(2):156–164. doi: 10.1128/iai.8.2.156-164.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. LYELL A. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: an eruption resembling scalding of the skin. Br J Dermatol. 1956 Nov;68(11):355–361. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1956.tb12766.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Melish M. E., Glasgow L. A. The staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1970 May 14;282(20):1114–1119. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197005142822002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rees M. W. The estimation of threonine and serine in proteins. Biochem J. 1946;40(5-6):632–640. doi: 10.1042/bj0400632. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Rogolsky M., Warren R., Wiley B. B., Nakamura H. T., Glasgow L. A. Nature of the genetic determinant controlling exfoliative toxin production in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol. 1974 Jan;117(1):157–165. doi: 10.1128/jb.117.1.157-165.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rogolsky M., Wiley B. B., Glasgow L. A. Phage group II staphylococcal strains with chromosomal and extrachromosomal genes for exfoliative toxin production. Infect Immun. 1976 Jan;13(1):44–52. doi: 10.1128/iai.13.1.44-52.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Smithies O., Gibson D., Fanning E. M., Goodfliesh R. M., Gilman J. G., Ballantyne D. L. Quantitative procedures for use with the Edman-Begg sequenator. Partial sequences of two unusual immunoglobulin light chains, Rzf and Sac. Biochemistry. 1971 Dec 21;10(26):4912–4921. doi: 10.1021/bi00802a013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Tarr G. E. Improved manual sequencing methods. Methods Enzymol. 1977;47:335–357. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(77)47036-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Weber K., Osborn M. The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J Biol Chem. 1969 Aug 25;244(16):4406–4412. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Wiley B. B., Allman S., Rogolsky M., Norden C. W., Glasgow L. A. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: potentiation by immunosuppression in mice; toxin-mediated exfoliation in a healthy adult. Infect Immun. 1974 Apr;9(4):636–640. doi: 10.1128/iai.9.4.636-640.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Wiley B. B., Rogolsky M. Molecular and serological differentiation of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin synthesized under chromosomal and plasmid control. Infect Immun. 1977 Nov;18(2):487–494. doi: 10.1128/iai.18.2.487-494.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Yoo C. S., Wang B. C., Sax M., Johnson A. D. Preliminary crystallographic data for Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin. J Mol Biol. 1978 Sep 15;124(2):421–423. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90307-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES