Skip to main content
PMC home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1971 Dec;4(6):688–696. doi: 10.1128/iai.4.6.688-696.1971

Immunogenicity of Various Mycobacteria and the Corresponding Levels of Cross-Protection Developed Between Species

F M Collins 1
PMCID: PMC416375  PMID: 5005311

Abstract

Seven mycobacterial species were tested for their ability to immunize mice against subsequent tuberculous challenge. The phylogenetic relationships between the vaccine and challenge strains had little direct influence on the level of resistance; a better correlation was found between the ability of the vaccine to survive or multiply in vivo and the immunogenicity of the organism. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis (except for an SMR variant), M. avium, two of three M. kansasii strains, and one strain of M. intracellulare all survived or multiplied in vivo. They induced an effective resistance against a subsequent M. tuberculosis (Erdman) or BCG challenge. The SMR BCG, the Bostrom strain of M. kansasii, M. scrofulaceum, three strains of M. intracellulare, and one of M. terrae and M. fortuitum were unable to survive in vivo and were nonallergenic and nonimmunogenic. No evidence was found for an interference phenomenon between the atypical mycobacteria and the BCG vaccine sufficient to explain the inadequate levels of immunization reported in some field trials.

Full text

PDF
690

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anacker R. L., Barclay W. R., Brehmer W., Goode G., List R. H., Ribi E., Tarmina D. F. Effectiveness of cell walls of Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG administered by various routes and in different adjuvants in protecting mice against airborne infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1969 Feb;99(2):242–248. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1969.99.2.242. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Blanden R. V., Lefford M. J., Mackaness G. B. The host response to Calmette-Guérin bacillus infection in mice. J Exp Med. 1969 May 1;129(5):1079–1107. doi: 10.1084/jem.129.5.1079. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Collins F. M. Cross-protection against Salmonella enteritidis infection in mice. J Bacteriol. 1968 Apr;95(4):1343–1349. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.4.1343-1349.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Collins F. M., Mackaness G. B. Delayed hypersensitivity and arthus reactivity in relation to host resistance in salmonella-infected mice. J Immunol. 1968 Nov;101(5):830–845. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Collins F. M., Mackaness G. B., Montalbine V., Smith M. M. A comparison of the Steenken minimal inhibitory concentration and the Canetti proportion methods for determining levels of drug resistance in cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1968 Aug;98(2):189–200. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1968.98.2.189. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Collins F. M., Mackaness G. B. The relationship of delayed hypersensitivity to acquired antituberculous immunity. I. Tuberculin sensitivity and resistance to reinfection in BCG-vaccinated mice. Cell Immunol. 1970 Sep;1(3):253–265. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(70)90047-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Collins F. M., Mackaness G. B. The relationship of delayed hypersensitivity to acquired antituberculous immunity. II. Effect of adjuvant on the allergenicity and immunogenicity of heat-killed tubercle bacilli. Cell Immunol. 1970 Sep;1(3):266–275. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(70)90048-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Collins F. M. Mechanisms in antimicrobial immunity. J Reticuloendothel Soc. 1971 Jul;10(1):58–99. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Collins F. M., Miller T. E. Growth of a drug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) in normal and immunized mice. J Infect Dis. 1969 Nov;120(5):517–533. doi: 10.1093/infdis/120.5.517. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Comstock G. W., Palmer C. E. Long-term results of BCG vaccination in the southern United States. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1966 Feb;93(2):171–183. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1966.93.2.171. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Comstock G. W., Webster R. G. Tuberculosis studies in Muscogee County, Georgia. VII. A twenty-year evaluation of BCG vaccination in a school population. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1969 Dec;100(6):839–845. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1969.100.6.839. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. DUBOS R. J., PIERCE C. H. Differential characteristics in vitro and in vivo of several substrains of BCG. IV. Immunizing effectiveness. Am Rev Tuberc. 1956 Nov;74(5):699–717. doi: 10.1164/artpd.1956.74.5.699. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. DUBOS R. J., PIERCE C. H., SCHAEFER W. B. Differential characteristics in vitro and in vivo of several substrains of BCG. III. Multiplication and survival in vivo. Am Rev Tuberc. 1956 Nov;74(5):683–698. doi: 10.1164/artpd.1956.74.5.683. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. FENNER F. Homologous and heterologous immunity in infections of mice with Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium balnei. Am Rev Tuberc. 1957 Jul;76(1):76–89. doi: 10.1164/artpd.1957.76.1.76. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hart P. D. Efficacy and applicability of mass B. C.G. vaccination in tuberculosis control. Br Med J. 1967 Mar 11;1(5540):587–592. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5540.587. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hart P. D. The place of vaccination in tuberculosis control. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1967 Jul;96(1):1–6. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1967.96.1.1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. LARSON C. L., WICHT W. C. RESISTANCE TO INFECTION WITH VIRULENT TUBERCLE BACILLI IN MICE IMMUNIZED WITH VIABLE MYCOBACTERIUM BALNEI AND UNCLASSIFIED MYCOBACTERIA ADMINISTERED AEROGENICALLY. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1963 Oct;88:456–461. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1963.88.4.456. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Mackaness G. B. Resistance to intracellular infection. J Infect Dis. 1971 Apr;123(4):439–445. doi: 10.1093/infdis/123.4.439. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Mackaness G. B. The immunology of antituberculous immunity. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1968 Mar;97(3):337–344. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1968.97.3.337. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Palmer C. E., Edwards L. B. Sensitivity to mycobacterial PPD antigens with some laboratory evidence of its significance. Tuberkuloza. 1966 Jan-Jun;18(1-3):193–200. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Palmer C. E., Long M. W. Effects of infection with atypical mycobacteria on BCG vaccination and tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1966 Oct;94(4):553–568. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1966.94.4.553. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Pejovic I., Dunbar F. P., Cacciatore R. Experimental infections with multiple species of mycobacteria. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1968 Jul;98(1):111–113. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1968.98.1.111. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Pejovic I., Dunbar F. P., Cacciatore R., Valdez H., Sanders E. Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Effect of heterologous mycobacteria in relation to quantitative and qualitative differences in their organ localization. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1969 May;99(5):786–789. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1969.99.5.786. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. SIEBENMANN C. O., BARBARA C. IMMUNOLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIA AS STUDIED BY MEANS OF THE MOUSE PROTECTION TEST. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1964 Jan;89:20–28. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1964.89.1.20. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Smith D. W., Grover A. A., Wiegeshaus E. Nonliving immunogenic substances of Mycobacteria. Bibl Tuberc. 1968;24:191–227. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Smith D. W., McMurray D. N., Wiegeshaus E. H., Grover A. A., Harding G. E. Host-parasite relationships in experimental airborne tuberculosis. IV. Early events in the course of infection in vaccinated and nonvaccinated guinea pigs. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1970 Dec;102(6):937–949. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1970.102.6.937. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Wiegeshaus E. H., Smith D. W. Biology of the mycobacterioses. Experimental models for study of immunity in tuberculosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1968 Sep 5;154(1):194–199. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb16709.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. YOUMANS G. P., PARLETT R. C., YOUMANS A. S. The significance of the response of mice to immunization with viable unclassified mycobacteria. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1961 Jun;83:903–905. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1961.83.6.903. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. YOUMANS G. P., YOUMANS A. S., KANAI K. The difference in response of four strains of mice to immunization against tuberculous infection. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1959 Nov;80:753–756. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1959.80.5.753. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES