Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1976 Nov;73(11):3872–3876. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.11.3872

DNA gyrase: an enzyme that introduces superhelical turns into DNA.

M Gellert, K Mizuuchi, M H O'Dea, H A Nash
PMCID: PMC431247  PMID: 186775

Abstract

Relaxed closed-circular DNA is converted to negatively supercoiled DNA by DNA gyrase. This enzyme has been purified from Escherichia coli cells. The reaction requires ATP and Mg++ and is stimulated by spermidine. The enzyme acts equally well on relaxed closed-circular colicin E1, phage lambda, and simian virus 40 DNA. The final superhelix density of the DNA can be considerably greater than that found in intracellularly supercoiled DNA.

Full text

PDF
3874

Images in this article

3873Image
on p.3873
3873Image
on p.3873
3874Image
on p.3874

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bauer W., Vinograd J. Interaction of closed circular DNA with intercalative dyes. II. The free energy of superhelix formation in SV40 DNA. J Mol Biol. 1970 Feb 14;47(3):419–435. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90312-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Burgess R. R., Jendrisak J. J. A procedure for the rapid, large-scall purification of Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase involving Polymin P precipitation and DNA-cellulose chromatography. Biochemistry. 1975 Oct 21;14(21):4634–4638. doi: 10.1021/bi00692a011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Champoux J. J., Dulbecco R. An activity from mammalian cells that untwists superhelical DNA--a possible swivel for DNA replication (polyoma-ethidium bromide-mouse-embryo cells-dye binding assay). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jan;69(1):143–146. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.1.143. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Gray H. B., Jr, Upholt W. B., Vinograd J. A buoyant method for the determination of the superhelix density of closed circular DNA. J Mol Biol. 1971 Nov 28;62(1):1–19. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90127-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Keller W. Characterization of purified DNA-relaxing enzyme from human tissue culture cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jul;72(7):2550–2554. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.7.2550. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Keller W. Determination of the number of superhelical turns in simian virus 40 DNA by gel electrophoresis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Dec;72(12):4876–4880. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.12.4876. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Mizuuchi K., Nash H. A. Restriction assay for integrative recombination of bacteriophage lambda DNA in vitro: requirement for closed circular DNA substrate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Oct;73(10):3524–3528. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3524. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Nash H. A. Integrative recombination of bacteriophage lambda DNA in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Mar;72(3):1072–1076. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.3.1072. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Sakakibara Y., Tomizawa J. I. Replication of colicin E1 plasmid DNA in cell extracts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Mar;71(3):802–806. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.3.802. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Sebring E. D., Kelly T. J., Jr, Thoren M. M., Salzman N. P. Structure of replicating simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid molecules. J Virol. 1971 Oct;8(4):478–490. doi: 10.1128/jvi.8.4.478-490.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Staudenbauer W. L. Letters to the editor: Novobiocin-a specific inhibitor of semiconservative DNA replication in permeabilized Escherichia coli cells. J Mol Biol. 1975 Jul 25;96(1):201–205. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90191-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Staudenbauer W. L. Replication of small plasmids in extracts of Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1976 Jun 15;145(3):273–280. doi: 10.1007/BF00325823. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Sumida-Yasumoto C., Yudelevich A., Hurwitz J. DNA synthesis in vitro dependent upon phiX174 replicative form I DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jun;73(6):1887–1891. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.6.1887. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Wang J. C. Interaction between DNA and an Escherichia coli protein omega. J Mol Biol. 1971 Feb 14;55(3):523–533. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90334-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Wickner R. B., Ginsberg B., Berkower I., Hurwitz J. Deoxyribonucleic acid plymerase II. of Escherichia coli. I. The purification and characterization of the enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1972 Jan 25;247(2):489–497. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Zimmerman S. B., Oshinsky C. K. Enzymatic joining of deoxyribonucleic acid strands. 3. Further purification of the deoxyribonucleic acid ligase from Escherichia coli and multiple forms of the purified enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1969 Sep 10;244(17):4689–4695. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES