Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1975 Jul;72(7):2753–2757. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.7.2753

Inducible error-prone repair in Escherichia coli.

S G Sedgwick
PMCID: PMC432849  PMID: 1101265

Abstract

A hypothesis that ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis arises from the induction of an error-prone mode of postreplication repair that requires the exrA+ recA+ genotype has been tested with alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation coupled with assays of fixation determined by loss of photoreversibility. The inhibitor of protein synthesis, chloramphenicol, added before irradiation, prevented a small amount of postreplication repair and completely eliminated mutation fixation in E. coli WP2s uvrA. However, chloramphenicol did not affect strand joining: (a) in uvrA bacteria allowed 20 min of growth between irradiation and antibiotic treatment; (b) in nonmutable uvrA exrA bacteria; and (c) in uvrA tif bacteria grown at 42 degrees for 70 min before irradiation. These observations indicate that an inducible product is involved in a fraction of postreplication repair and is responsible for induced mutagenesis.

Full text

PDF
2756

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ashwood-Smith M. J., Bridges B. A. Ultraviolet mutagenesis in Escherichia coli at low temperatures. Mutat Res. 1966 Apr;3(2):135–144. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(66)90027-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Boyle J. M., Symonds N. Radiation-sensitive mutants of T4D. I. T4y: a new radiation-sensitive mutant; effect of the mutation on radiation survival, growth and recombination. Mutat Res. 1969 Nov-Dec;8(3):431–439. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(69)90060-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bridges B. A. A note on the mechanism of UV mutagenesis in Escherichia coli. Mutat Res. 1966 Aug;3(4):273–279. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(66)90034-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bridges B. A., Dennis R. E., Munson R. J. Differential induction and repair of ultraviolet damage leading to true revesions and external suppressor mutations of an ochre codon in Escherichia coli B-r WP2. Genetics. 1967 Dec;57(4):897–908. doi: 10.1093/genetics/57.4.897. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bridges B. A., Mottershead R. P., Rothwell M. A., Green M. H. Repair-deficient bacterial strains suitable for mutagenicity screening: tests with the fungicide captain. Chem Biol Interact. 1972 Jul;5(2):77–84. doi: 10.1016/0009-2797(72)90034-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bridges B. A., Sedgwick S. G. Effect of photoreactivation on the filling of gaps in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesized after exposure of Escherichia coli to ultraviolet light. J Bacteriol. 1974 Mar;117(3):1077–1081. doi: 10.1128/jb.117.3.1077-1081.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Brooks K., Clark A. J. Behavior of lambda bacteriophage in a recombination deficienct strain of Escherichia coli. J Virol. 1967 Apr;1(2):283–293. doi: 10.1128/jvi.1.2.283-293.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Castellazzi M., George J., Buttin G. Prophage induction and cell division in E. coli. I. Further characterization of the thermosensitive mutation tif-1 whose expression mimics the effect of UV irradiation. Mol Gen Genet. 1972;119(2):139–152. doi: 10.1007/BF00269133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cooper P. K., Hanawalt P. C. Heterogeneity of patch size in repair replicated DNA in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1972 Jun 14;67(1):1–10. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90381-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Defais M., Fauquet P., Radman M., Errera M. Ultraviolet reactivation and ultraviolet mutagenesis of lambda in different genetic systems. Virology. 1971 Feb;43(2):495–503. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90321-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Donch J. J., Green M. H., Greenberg J. Conditional induction of lambda-prophage in exrA mutants of Escherichia coli. Genet Res. 1971 Apr;17(2):161–163. doi: 10.1017/s0016672300012155. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Donch J. J., Greenberg J. The effect of lex on UV sensitivity, filament formation and lambda induction in ion mutants of Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1974;128(4):277–281. doi: 10.1007/BF00268515. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ganesan A. K. Persistence of pyrimidine dimers during post-replication repair in ultraviolet light-irradiated Escherichia coli K12. J Mol Biol. 1974 Jul 25;87(1):103–119. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90563-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ganesan A. K., Smith K. C. Requirement for protein synthesis in rec-dependent repair of deoxyribonucleic acid in Escherichia coli after ultraviolet or X irradiation. J Bacteriol. 1972 Aug;111(2):575–585. doi: 10.1128/jb.111.2.575-585.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gefter M. L., Hirota Y., Kornberg T., Wechsler J. A., Barnoux C. Analysis of DNA polymerases II and 3 in mutants of Escherichia coli thermosensitive for DNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Dec;68(12):3150–3153. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.12.3150. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hertman I., Luria S. E. Transduction studies on the role of a rec+ gene in the ultraviolet induction of prophage lambda. J Mol Biol. 1967 Jan 28;23(2):117–133. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(67)80021-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hill R. F. Ultraviolet-induced lethality and reversion to prototrophy in Escherichia coli strains with normal and reduced dark repair ability. Photochem Photobiol. 1965 Jun;4(3):563–568. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1965.tb09774.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Howard-Flanders P., Boyce R. P., Theriot L. Three loci in Escherichia coli K-12 that control the excision of pyrimidine dimers and certain other mutagen products from DNA. Genetics. 1966 Jun;53(6):1119–1136. doi: 10.1093/genetics/53.6.1119. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Howard-Flanders P., Rupp W. D., Wilkins B. M., Cole R. S. DNA replication and recombination after UV irradiation. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1968;33:195–207. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1968.033.01.023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Iyer V. N., Rupp W. D. Usefulness of benzoylated naphthoylated DEAE-cellulose to distinguish and fractionate double-stranded DNA bearing different extents of single-stranded regions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1971 Jan 1;228(1):117–126. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90551-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kirby E. P., Jacob F., Goldthwait D. A. Prophage induction and filament formation in a mutant strain of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 Nov;58(5):1903–1910. doi: 10.1073/pnas.58.5.1903. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Mattern I. E., van Winden M. P., Rörsch A. The range of action of genes controlling radiation sensitivity in Escherichia coli. Mutat Res. 1965 Apr;2(2):111–131. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(65)90042-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Miura A., Tomizawa J. I. Studies on radiation-sensitive mutants of E. coli. 3. Participation of the rec system in induction of mutation by ultraviolet irradiation. Mol Gen Genet. 1968;103(1):1–10. doi: 10.1007/BF00271151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Nishioka H., Doudney C. O. Different modes of loss of photoreversibility of mutation and lethal damage in ultraviolet-light resistant and sensitive bacteria. Mutat Res. 1969 Sep-Oct;8(2):215–228. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(69)90001-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Pardee A. B., Prestidge L. S. Ultraviolet-sensitive targets in the enzyme-synthesizing apparatus of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1967 Apr;93(4):1210–1219. doi: 10.1128/jb.93.4.1210-1219.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Radman M., Devoret R. UV-reactivation of bacteriophage lambda in excision repair-deficient hosts: independence of red functions and attachment regions. Virology. 1971 Feb;43(2):504–506. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90322-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Rupp W. D., Howard-Flanders P. Discontinuities in the DNA synthesized in an excision-defective strain of Escherichia coli following ultraviolet irradiation. J Mol Biol. 1968 Jan 28;31(2):291–304. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90445-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rupp W. D., Wilde C. E., 3rd, Reno D. L., Howard-Flanders P. Exchanges between DNA strands in ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1971 Oct 14;61(1):25–44. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90204-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Sedgwick S. G., Bridges B. A. Survival, mutation and capacity to repair single-strand DNA breaks after gamma irradiation in different Exr - strains of Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1972;119(2):93–102. doi: 10.1007/BF00269129. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Smith K. C., Meun D. H. Repair of radiation-induced damage in Escherichia coli. I. Effect of rec mutations on post-replication repair of damage due to ultraviolet radiation. J Mol Biol. 1970 Aug;51(3):459–472. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90001-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Town C. D., Smith K. C., Kaplan H. S. The rapair of DNA single-strand breaks in E. coli K-12 x-irradiated in the presence or absence of oxygen; the influence of repair on cell survival. Radiat Res. 1973 Aug;55(2):334–345. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Witkin E. M. Radiation-induced mutations and their repair. Science. 1966 Jun 3;152(3727):1345–1353. doi: 10.1126/science.152.3727.1345. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Witkin E. M. The mutability toward ultraviolet light of recombination-deficient strains of Escherichia coli. Mutat Res. 1969 Jul-Aug;8(1):9–14. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(69)90135-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Witkin E. M. The radiation sensitivity of Escherichia coli B: a hypothesis relating filament formation and prophage induction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 May;57(5):1275–1279. doi: 10.1073/pnas.57.5.1275. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Witkin E. M. Thermal enhancement of ultraviolet mutability in a tif-1 uvrA derivative of Escherichia coli B-r: evidence that ultraviolet mutagenesis depends upon an inducible function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 May;71(5):1930–1934. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.5.1930. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Youngs D. A., Smith K. C. Evidence for the control by exrA and polA genes of two branches of the uvr gene-dependent excision repair pathway in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1973 Oct;116(1):175–182. doi: 10.1128/jb.116.1.175-182.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Youngs D. A., Van der Schueren E., Smith K. C. Separate branches of the uvr gene-dependent excision repair process in ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli K-12 cells; their dependence upon growth medium and the polA, recA, recB, and exrA genes. J Bacteriol. 1974 Feb;117(2):717–725. doi: 10.1128/jb.117.2.717-725.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES