Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1973 Jul;70(7):2129–2133. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.7.2129

Relationship of the Structure of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides to Its Function in Mitogenesis and Adjuvanticity

Jacques M Chiller 1, Barry J Skidmore 1, David C Morrison 1, William O Weigle 1
PMCID: PMC433681  PMID: 4579014

Abstract

The ability of bacterial lipopolysaccharides to induce lymphocyte mitogenesis and to act as an adjuvant of antibody formation was attributable to the lipid-A region of the molecule. Measured by induction of DNA synthesis, lipid A was mitogenic for bone marrow-derived lymphocytes obtained from spleens of congenitally athymic mice but not for thymocytes obtained from thymuses of normal mice. Adjuvanticity was demonstrated by the ability of lipid A to convert a tolerogenic regimen of antigen into one eliciting an immune response and by its ability to markedly enhance the antibody response to a weak antigen.

Keywords: lipid A, B lymphocytes

Full text

PDF
2131

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Alexander P., Evans R. Endotoxin and double stranded RNA render macrophages cytotoxic. Nat New Biol. 1971 Jul 21;232(29):76–78. doi: 10.1038/newbio232076a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Andersson J., Möller G., Sjöberg O. Selective induction of DNA synthesis in T and B lymphocytes. Cell Immunol. 1972 Aug;4(4):381–393. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(72)90040-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. BARRIE J. U., COOPER G. N. ENHANCEMENT OF THE PRIMARY ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO PARTICULATE ANTIGENS BY SIMPLE LIPIDS. J Immunol. 1964 Apr;92:529–539. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Braun W., Nakano M. Antibody formation: stimulation by polyadenylic and polycytidylic acids. Science. 1967 Aug 18;157(3790):819–821. doi: 10.1126/science.157.3790.819. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chiller J. M., Weigle W. O. Cellular events during induction of immunologic unresponsiveness in adult mice. J Immunol. 1971 Jun;106(6):1647–1653. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chiller J. M., Weigle W. O. Termination of tolerance to human gamma globulin in mice by antigen and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin). J Exp Med. 1973 Mar 1;137(3):740–750. doi: 10.1084/jem.137.3.740. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. DRESSER D. W. Effectiveness of lipid and lipidophilic substances as adjuvants. Nature. 1961 Sep 16;191:1169–1171. doi: 10.1038/1911169a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Galanos C., Lüderitz O., Westphal O. A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides. Eur J Biochem. 1969 Jun;9(2):245–249. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1969.tb00601.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Galanos C., Lüderitz O., Westphal O. Preparation and properties of antisera against the lipid-A component of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Eur J Biochem. 1971 Dec 22;24(1):116–122. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb19661.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Galanos C., Rietschel E. T., Lüderitz O., Westphal O., Kim Y. B., Watson D. W. Biological activities of lipid A complexed with bovine-serum albumin. Eur J Biochem. 1972 Dec 4;31(2):230–233. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb02524.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gall D. The adjuvant activity of aliphatic nitrogenous bases. Immunology. 1966 Oct;11(4):369–386. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gery I., Krüger J., Spiesel S. Z. Stimulation of B-lymphocytes by endotoxin. Reactions of thymus-deprived mice and karyotypic analysis of dividing cells in mice bearing T 6 T 6 thymus grafts. J Immunol. 1972 Apr;108(4):1088–1091. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Golub E. S., Mishell R. I., Weigle W. O., Dutton R. W. A modification of the hemolytic plaque assay for use with protein antigens. J Immunol. 1968 Jan;100(1):133–137. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. JERNE N. K., NORDIN A. A. Plaque formation in agar by single antibody-producing cells. Science. 1963 Apr 26;140(3565):405–405. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. JOHNSON A. G., GAINES S., LANDY M. Studies on the O antigen of Salmonella typhosa. V. Enhancement of antibody response to protein antigens by the purified lipopolysaccharide. J Exp Med. 1956 Feb 1;103(2):225–246. doi: 10.1084/jem.103.2.225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Jones J. M., Kind P. D. Enhancing effect of bacterial endotoxins on bone marrow cells in the immune response to SRBC. J Immunol. 1972 May;108(5):1453–1455. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. LEIVE L. ACTINOMYCIN SENSITIVITY IN ESCHERICHIA COLI PRODUCED BY EDTA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1965 Jan 4;18:13–17. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(65)90874-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Landy M., Baker P. J. Cytodynamics of the distinctive immune response produced in regional lymph nodes by Salmonella somatic polysaccharide. J Immunol. 1966 Nov;97(5):670–679. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Mishell R. I., Dutton R. W. Immunization of dissociated spleen cell cultures from normal mice. J Exp Med. 1967 Sep 1;126(3):423–442. doi: 10.1084/jem.126.3.423. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Möller G. Immunocyte triggering. Cell Immunol. 1970 Dec;1(6):573–582. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(70)90023-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Rietschel E. T., Gottert H., Lüderitz O., Westphal O. Nature and linkages of the fatty acids present in the lipid-A component of Salmonella lipopolysaccharides. Eur J Biochem. 1972 Jul 13;28(2):166–173. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01899.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Rothfield L., Romeo D. Role of lipids in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell envelope. Bacteriol Rev. 1971 Mar;35(1):14–38. doi: 10.1128/br.35.1.14-38.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Rudbach J. A. Molecular immunogenicity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide antigens: establishing a quantitative system. J Immunol. 1971 Apr;106(4):993–1001. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Schmidtke J. R., Dixon F. J. Immune response to a hapten coupled to a nonimmunogenic carrier. Influence of lipopolysaccharide. J Exp Med. 1972 Aug 1;136(2):392–397. doi: 10.1084/jem.136.2.392. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Sjöberg O., Andersson J., Möller G. Lipopolysaccharide can substitute for helper cells in the antibody response in vitro. Eur J Immunol. 1972 Aug;2(4):326–331. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830020406. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Springer G. F., Huprikar S. V., Neter E. Specific inhibition of endotoxin coating of red cells by a human erythrocyte membrane component. Infect Immun. 1970 Jan;1(1):98–108. doi: 10.1128/iai.1.1.98-108.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Stobo J. D., Rosenthal A. S., Paul W. E. Functional heterogeneity of murine lymphoid cells. I. Responsiveness to and surface binding of concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. J Immunol. 1972 Jan;108(1):1–17. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Uhr J. W., Möller G. Regulatory effect of antibody on the immune response. Adv Immunol. 1968;8:81–127. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60465-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES