Skip to main content
The Journal of Clinical Investigation logoLink to The Journal of Clinical Investigation
. 1983 Mar;71(3):635–643. doi: 10.1172/JCI110810

Intermediate filaments in malignant melanomas. Identification and use as marker in surgical pathology.

F C Ramaekers, J J Puts, O Moesker, A Kant, G P Vooijs, P H Jap
PMCID: PMC436913  PMID: 6186693

Abstract

Intermediate-sized filaments have been studied in human malignant melanomas and in normal melanocytes by immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies directed against keratin, vimentin, desmin, neurofilament protein, and glial filament protein. Both human melanotic and amelanotic tumor cells and tumor metastases as well as normal melanocytes in human skin and in the rat eye contain exclusively intermediate filaments of the vimentin type. No reaction was seen with antibodies to keratin, desmin, neurofilaments, or glial filaments. These latter four antisera, however, gave strong reactions in epidermis and other epithelial tissues, muscle, or neural tissues, respectively. The results favor a mesenchymal character of melanocytes, although a neuroectodermal origin in an early developmental stage is possible. The finding that melanomas contain exclusively vimentin intermediate filaments may prove useful in differential diagnosis of melanomas from other tumor types.

Full text

PDF
637

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Altmannsberger M., Osborn M., Hölscher A., Schauer A., Weber K. The distribution of keratin type intermediate filaments in human breast cancer. An immunohistological study. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol. 1981;37(3):277–284. doi: 10.1007/BF02892576. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Altmannsberger M., Osborn M., Schauer A., Weber K. Antibodies to different intermediate filament proteins. Cell type-specific markers on paraffin-embedded human tissues. Lab Invest. 1981 Nov;45(5):427–434. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Altmannsberger M., Osborn M., Treuner J., Hölscher A., Weber K., Shauer A. Diagnosis of human childhood rhabdomyosarcoma of antibodies to desmin, the structural protein of muscle specific intermediate filaments. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol. 1982;39(2):203–215. doi: 10.1007/BF02892848. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Aubin J. E., Osborn M., Franke W. W., Weber K. Intermediate filaments of the vimentin-type and the cytokeratin-type are distributed differently during mitosis. Exp Cell Res. 1980 Sep;129(1):149–165. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(80)90340-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Battifora H., Sun T. T., Bahu R. M., Rao S. The use of antikeratin antiserum as a diagnostic tool: thymoma versus lymphoma. Hum Pathol. 1980 Nov;11(6):635–641. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(80)80074-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Breathnach A. S. Branched cells in the epidermis: an overview. J Invest Dermatol. 1980 Jul;75(1):6–11. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12521029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Chumas J. C., Lorelle C. A. Melanotic adenocarcinoma of the anorectum. Am J Surg Pathol. 1981 Oct;5(7):711–717. doi: 10.1097/00000478-198110000-00015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cutler L. S., Chaudhry A. P., Topazian R. Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy: an ultrastructural study, literature review, and reevaluation. Cancer. 1981 Jul 15;48(2):257–270. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19810715)48:2<257::aid-cncr2820480209>3.0.co;2-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dahl D., Rueger D. C., Bignami A., Weber K., Osborn M. Vimentin, the 57 000 molecular weight protein of fibroblast filaments, is the major cytoskeletal component in immature glia. Eur J Cell Biol. 1981 Jun;24(2):191–196. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Franke W. W., Appelhans B., Schmid E., Freudenstein C., Osborn M., Weber K. Identification and characterization of epithelial cells in mammalian tissues by immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies to prekeratin. Differentiation. 1979;15(1):7–25. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1979.tb01030.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Franke W. W., Schmid E., Freudenstein C., Appelhans B., Osborn M., Weber K., Keenan T. W. Intermediate-sized filaments of the prekeratin type in myoepithelial cells. J Cell Biol. 1980 Mar;84(3):633–654. doi: 10.1083/jcb.84.3.633. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Franke W. W., Schmid E., Osborn M., Weber K. Different intermediate-sized filaments distinguished by immunofluorescence microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Oct;75(10):5034–5038. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.10.5034. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Franke W. W., Weber K., Osborn M., Schmid E., Freudenstein C. Antibody to prekeratin. Decoration of tonofilament like arrays in various cells of epithelial character. Exp Cell Res. 1978 Oct 15;116(2):429–445. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(78)90466-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Franke W. W., Winter S., Grund C., Schmid E., Schiller D. L., Jarasch E. D. Isolation and characterization of desmosome-associated tonofilaments from rat intestinal brush border. J Cell Biol. 1981 Jul;90(1):116–127. doi: 10.1083/jcb.90.1.116. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gabbiani G., Kapanci Y., Barazzone P., Franke W. W. Immunochemical identification of intermediate-sized filaments in human neoplastic cells. A diagnostic aid for the surgical pathologist. Am J Pathol. 1981 Sep;104(3):206–216. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Gaynor R., Herschman H. R., Irie R., Jones P., Morton D., Cochran A. S100 protein: a marker for human malignant melanomas? Lancet. 1981 Apr 18;1(8225):869–871. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92142-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Geisler N., Weber K. Purification of smooth-muscle desmin and a protein-chemical comparison of desmins from chicken gizzard and hog stomach. Eur J Biochem. 1980 Oct;111(2):425–433. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04957.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hayward A. F., Fickling B. W., Lucas R. B. An electron microscope study of a pigmented tumour of the jaw of infants. Br J Cancer. 1969 Dec;23(4):702–708. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1969.86. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Krepler R., Denk H., Weirich E., Schmid E., Franke W. W. Keratin-like proteins in normal and neoplastic cells of human and rat mammary gland as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Differentiation. 1981;20(3):242–252. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1981.tb01179.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lazarides E. Intermediate filaments as mechanical integrators of cellular space. Nature. 1980 Jan 17;283(5744):249–256. doi: 10.1038/283249a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Liem R. K., Yen S. H., Salomon G. D., Shelanski M. L. Intermediate filaments in nervous tissues. J Cell Biol. 1978 Dec;79(3):637–645. doi: 10.1083/jcb.79.3.637. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Madri J. A., Barwick K. W. An immunohistochemical study of nasopharyngeal neoplasms using keratin antibodies: epithelial versus nonepithelial neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol. 1982 Mar;6(2):143–149. doi: 10.1097/00000478-198203000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Mayerson P. L., Brumbaugh J. A. Lavender, a chick melanocyte mutant with defective melanosome translocation: a possible role for 10 nm filaments and microfilaments but not microtubules. J Cell Sci. 1981 Oct;51:25–51. doi: 10.1242/jcs.51.1.25. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. McCracken J. S., Klintworth G. K. Ultrastructural observations on experimentally produced melanin pigmentation of the corneal epithelium. Am J Pathol. 1976 Oct;85(1):167–182. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Nikai H., Ijuhnin N., Yamasaki A., Niitani K., Imai K. Ultrastructural evidence for neural crest origin of the malanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. J Oral Pathol. 1977 Jul;6(4):221–232. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1977.tb01644.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Ramaekers F. C., Puts J. J., Kant A., Moesker O., Jap P. H., Vooijs G. P. Use of antibodies to intermediate filaments in the characterization of human tumors. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1982;46(Pt 1):331–339. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1982.046.01.034. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Schachner M., Smith C., Schoonmaker G. Immunological distinction between neurofilament and glial fibrillary acidic proteins by mouse antisera and their immunohistological characterization. Dev Neurosci. 1978;1(1):1–14. doi: 10.1159/000112548. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Schmid E., Tapscott S., Bennett G. S., Croop J., Fellini S. A., Holtzer H., Franke W. W. Differential location of different types of intermediate-sized filaments in various tissues of the chicken embryo. Differentiation. 1979;15(1):27–40. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1979.tb01031.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Schnitzer J., Franke W. W., Schachner M. Immunocytochemical demonstration of vimentin in astrocytes and ependymal cells of developing and adult mouse nervous system. J Cell Biol. 1981 Aug;90(2):435–447. doi: 10.1083/jcb.90.2.435. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Sieinski W., Dorsett B., Ioachim H. L. Identification of prekeratin by immunofluorescence staining in the differential diagnosis of tumors. Hum Pathol. 1981 May;12(5):452–458. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(81)80026-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Stefansson K., Wollmann R. L., Moore B. W., Arnason B. G. S-100 protein in human chondrocytes. Nature. 1982 Jan 7;295(5844):63–64. doi: 10.1038/295063a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Stefansson K., Wollmann R., Jerkovic M. S-100 protein in soft-tissue tumors derived from Schwann cells and melanocytes. Am J Pathol. 1982 Feb;106(2):261–268. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Stingl G., Tamaki K., Katz S. I. Origin and function of epidermal Langerhans cells. Immunol Rev. 1980;53:149–174. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1980.tb01043.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Warner T. F., Hafez G. R., Buchler D. A. Neurotropic melanoma of the vulva. Cancer. 1982 Mar 1;49(5):999–1004. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19820301)49:5<999::aid-cncr2820490525>3.0.co;2-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. White J. G., Clawson C. C. Development of giant granules in platelets during prolonged storage. Am J Pathol. 1980 Dec;101(3):635–646. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Yen S. H., Fields K. L. Antibodies to neurofilament, glial filament, and fibroblast intermediate filament proteins bind to different cell types of the nervous system. J Cell Biol. 1981 Jan;88(1):115–126. doi: 10.1083/jcb.88.1.115. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Investigation are provided here courtesy of American Society for Clinical Investigation

RESOURCES