Abstract
Reduced photorespiration has been reported in Panicum milioides on the basis of lower CO2 compensation concentrations than in C3 species, lower CO2 evolution in the light, and less response of apparent photosynthesis to O2 concentration. The lower response to O2 in P. milioides could be due to reduced O2 competition with CO2 for reaction with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, to a reduced loss of CO2, or to an initial fixation of CO2 by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Experiments were carried out with Panicum maximum Jacq., a C4 species having no apparent photorespiration; tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), a C3 species; P. milioides Nees ex Trin.; and Panicum schenckii Hack. The latter two species are closely related and have low photorespiration rates. CO2 exchange was measured at five CO2 concentrations ranging from 0 to 260 microliters per liter at both 2 and 21% O2. Mesophyll conductance or carboxylation efficiency was estimated by plotting substomatal CO2 concentrations against apparent photosynthesis. In the C4 species P. maximum, mesophyll conductance was 0.96 centimeters per second and was unaffected by O2 concentration. At 21% O2 mesophyll conductance of tall fescue was decreased 32% below the value at 2% O2. Decreases in mesophyll conductance at 21% O2 for P. milioides and P. schenckii were similar to that for tall fescue. On the other hand, loss of CO2 in CO2-free air, estimated by extrapolating the CO2 response curve to zero CO2, was increased from 1.8 to 6.5 milligrams per square decimeter per hour in tall fescue as O2 was raised from 2-21%. Loss of CO2 was less than 1 milligram per square decimeter per hour for P. milioides and P. schenckii and was unaffected by O2. The results suggest that the reduced O2 response in P. milioides and P. schenckii is due to a lower loss of CO2 in the light rather than less inhibition of carboxylation by O2, since the decrease in carboxylation efficiency at 21% O2 was similar for P. milioides, P. schenckii, and tall fescue. The inhibition of apparent photosynthesis by 21% O2 in these three species at low light intensities was similar at 31 to 36% which also indicates similar O2 effects on carboxylation. Apparent photosynthesis at high light intensity was inhibited less by 21% O2 in P. milioides (16.8%) and P. schenckii (23.8%) than in tall fescue (28.4%). This lower inhibition in the Panicum species may have been due to a higher degree of recycling of photorespired CO2 in these species than in tall fescue.
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Selected References
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