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. 1974 Sep;6(3):338–346. doi: 10.1128/aac.6.3.338

Effects of Rate of Infusion and Probenecid on Serum Levels, Renal Excretion, and Tolerance of Intravenous Doses of Cefoxitin in Humans: Comparison with Cephalothin

C Stewart Goodwin 1, E B Raftery 1, A D Goldberg 1, H Skeggs 1, A E Till 1, C M Martin 1
PMCID: PMC444649  PMID: 15830485

Abstract

Using a randomized crossover design, 1-g intravenous doses of cephalothin and cefoxitin, a cephalosporinase-resistant cephamycin, were infused into 12 normal adult males over periods of 120, 30, and 3 min, the last with and without prior intravenous infusions of probenecid (1 g). Mean peak serum concentrations of antibiotic activity after cephalothin infusions were 23, 56, 103, and 102 μg/ml, respectively, and after cefoxitin infusions they were 27, 74, 115, and 125 μg/ml, respectively. Probenecid treatment prolonged the terminal serum half-life of cephalothin-like activity from 0.52 to 1.0 h, and of cefoxitin from 0.68 to 1.4 h. In contrast to cephalothin, which was found to be metabolized about 25% to the less active desacetyl form, cefoxitin was metabolized less than 2% to the virtually inactive descarbamyl form, as judged from urinary recoveries. Neither antibiotic displayed detectable organ toxicity. Of 300 recent clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli other than Pseudomonas spp., 83% were susceptible to cephalothin but 95% were susceptible to cefoxitin. Organisms resistant to cephalothin but susceptible to cefoxitin included strains of Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella spp., Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter spp., and Bacteroides spp.

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Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

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