Skip to main content
PMC home page
The EMBO Journal logoLink to The EMBO Journal
. 1988 Dec 20;7(13):4179–4184. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03314.x

Enzymatic amplification of exogenous and endogenous retroviral sequences from DNA of patients with tropical spastic paraparesis.

C R Bangham 1, S Daenke 1, R E Phillips 1, J K Cruickshank 1, J I Bell 1
PMCID: PMC455129  PMID: 2468487

Abstract

Using oligonucleotide primers that hybridize to conserved sequences in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene, we have amplified by the polymerase chain reaction three sequence variants of HTLV-I from the genomic DNA of five patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), and a fourth sequence variant from a healthy carrier of HTLV-I. These results unequivocally identify the retrovirus associated with TSP as HTLV-I and suggest that no sequence variant is uniquely responsible for the condition. The same primers served to amplify two novel single-copy endogenous retroviral RT sequences related to the exogenous mammalian leukaemia viruses: and three KpnI (LINE1) family DNA repeats. This strategy, combining the sensitivity of PCR with cross-reactive primers, may be useful in the search for known or novel retroviruses in other diseases of possible retroviral aetiology.

Full text

PDF
4182

Images in this article

4181Image
on p.4181

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bhagavati S., Ehrlich G., Kula R. W., Kwok S., Sninsky J., Udani V., Poiesz B. J. Detection of human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type I DNA and antigen in spinal fluid and blood of patients with chronic progressive myelopathy. N Engl J Med. 1988 May 5;318(18):1141–1147. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198805053181801. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chiu I. M., Yaniv A., Dahlberg J. E., Gazit A., Skuntz S. F., Tronick S. R., Aaronson S. A. Nucleotide sequence evidence for relationship of AIDS retrovirus to lentiviruses. 1985 Sep 26-Oct 2Nature. 317(6035):366–368. doi: 10.1038/317366a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dayhoff M. O., Barker W. C., Hunt L. T. Establishing homologies in protein sequences. Methods Enzymol. 1983;91:524–545. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(83)91049-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Deen K. C., Sweet R. W. Murine mammary tumor virus pol-related sequences in human DNA: characterization and sequence comparison with the complete murine mammary tumor virus pol gene. J Virol. 1986 Feb;57(2):422–432. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.2.422-432.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Fukasawa M., Tsujimoto H., Ishikawa K., Miura T., Ivanoff B., Cooper R. W., Frost E., Delaporte E., Mingle J. A., Grant F. C. Human T-cell leukemia virus type I isolates from Gabon and Ghana: comparative analysis of proviral genomes. Virology. 1987 Dec;161(2):315–320. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90123-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gessain A., Barin F., Vernant J. C., Gout O., Maurs L., Calender A., de Thé G. Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type-I in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis. Lancet. 1985 Aug 24;2(8452):407–410. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92734-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hattori M., Kuhara S., Takenaka O., Sakaki Y. L1 family of repetitive DNA sequences in primates may be derived from a sequence encoding a reverse transcriptase-related protein. Nature. 1986 Jun 5;321(6070):625–628. doi: 10.1038/321625a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Jacobson S., Raine C. S., Mingioli E. S., McFarlin D. E. Isolation of an HTLV-1-like retrovirus from patients with tropical spastic paraparesis. Nature. 1988 Feb 11;331(6156):540–543. doi: 10.1038/331540a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kalyanaraman V. S., Sarngadharan M. G., Robert-Guroff M., Miyoshi I., Golde D., Gallo R. C. A new subtype of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-II) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia. Science. 1982 Nov 5;218(4572):571–573. doi: 10.1126/science.6981847. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Koprowski H., DeFreitas E. C., Harper M. E., Sandberg-Wollheim M., Sheremata W. A., Robert-Guroff M., Saxinger C. W., Feinberg M. B., Wong-Staal F., Gallo R. C. Multiple sclerosis and human T-cell lymphotropic retroviruses. Nature. 1985 Nov 14;318(6042):154–160. doi: 10.1038/318154a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Leib-Mösch C., Brack R., Werner T., Erfle V., Hehlmann R. Isolation of an SSAV-related endogenous sequence from human DNA. Virology. 1986 Dec;155(2):666–677. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90226-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Loeb D. D., Padgett R. W., Hardies S. C., Shehee W. R., Comer M. B., Edgell M. H., Hutchison C. A., 3rd The sequence of a large L1Md element reveals a tandemly repeated 5' end and several features found in retrotransposons. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jan;6(1):168–182. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.1.168. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. MONTGOMERY R. D., CRUICKSHANK E. K., ROBERTSON W. B., MCMENEMEY W. H. CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON JAMAICAN NEUROPATHY; A REPORT ON 206 CASES. Brain. 1964 Sep;87:425–462. doi: 10.1093/brain/87.3.425. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Maeda N. Nucleotide sequence of the haptoglobin and haptoglobin-related gene pair. The haptoglobin-related gene contains a retrovirus-like element. J Biol Chem. 1985 Jun 10;260(11):6698–6709. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mager D. L., Freeman J. D. Human endogenous retroviruslike genome with type C pol sequences and gag sequences related to human T-cell lymphotropic viruses. J Virol. 1987 Dec;61(12):4060–4066. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.12.4060-4066.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Martin M. A., Bryan T., Rasheed S., Khan A. S. Identification and cloning of endogenous retroviral sequences present in human DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Aug;78(8):4892–4896. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.8.4892. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. May F. E., Westley B. R. Structure of a human retroviral sequence related to mouse mammary tumor virus. J Virol. 1986 Nov;60(2):743–749. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.2.743-749.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. McClure M. A., Johnson M. S., Feng D. F., Doolittle R. F. Sequence comparisons of retroviral proteins: relative rates of change and general phylogeny. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2469–2473. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.8.2469. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. O'Connell C., O'Brien S., Nash W. G., Cohen M. ERV3, a full-length human endogenous provirus: chromosomal localization and evolutionary relationships. Virology. 1984 Oct 30;138(2):225–235. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90347-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Ohta M., Ohta K., Mori F., Nishitani H., Saida T. Sera from patients with multiple sclerosis react with human cell T lymphotropic virus-I gag proteins but not env proteins--Western blotting analysis. J Immunol. 1986 Dec 1;137(11):3440–3443. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ono M., Yasunaga T., Miyata T., Ushikubo H. Nucleotide sequence of human endogenous retrovirus genome related to the mouse mammary tumor virus genome. J Virol. 1986 Nov;60(2):589–598. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.2.589-598.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Osame M., Matsumoto M., Usuku K., Izumo S., Ijichi N., Amitani H., Tara M., Igata A. Chronic progressive myelopathy associated with elevated antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type I and adult T-cell leukemialike cells. Ann Neurol. 1987 Feb;21(2):117–122. doi: 10.1002/ana.410210203. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Overbaugh J., Riedel N., Hoover E. A., Mullins J. I. Transduction of endogenous envelope genes by feline leukaemia virus in vitro. Nature. 1988 Apr 21;332(6166):731–734. doi: 10.1038/332731a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Poiesz B. J., Ruscetti F. W., Gazdar A. F., Bunn P. A., Minna J. D., Gallo R. C. Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7415–7419. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7415. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Rassart E., Nelbach L., Jolicoeur P. Cas-Br-E murine leukemia virus: sequencing of the paralytogenic region of its genome and derivation of specific probes to study its origin and the structure of its recombinant genomes in leukemic tissues. J Virol. 1986 Dec;60(3):910–919. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.3.910-919.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Ratner L., Josephs S. F., Starcich B., Hahn B., Shaw G. M., Gallo R. C., Wong-Staal F. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a variant human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-Ib) provirus with a deletion in pX-I. J Virol. 1985 Jun;54(3):781–790. doi: 10.1128/jvi.54.3.781-790.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Reddy E. P., Mettus R. V., DeFreitas E., Wroblewska Z., Cisco M., Koprowski H. Molecular cloning of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I-like proviral genome from the peripheral lymphocyte DNA of a patient with chronic neurologic disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 May;85(10):3599–3603. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.10.3599. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Sagata N., Yasunaga T., Tsuzuku-Kawamura J., Ohishi K., Ogawa Y., Ikawa Y. Complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of bovine leukemia virus: its evolutionary relationship to other retroviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(3):677–681. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.3.677. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Saiki R. K., Scharf S., Faloona F., Mullis K. B., Horn G. T., Erlich H. A., Arnheim N. Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1350–1354. doi: 10.1126/science.2999980. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Seiki M., Hattori S., Hirayama Y., Yoshida M. Human adult T-cell leukemia virus: complete nucleotide sequence of the provirus genome integrated in leukemia cell DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jun;80(12):3618–3622. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.12.3618. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Shimotohno K., Takahashi Y., Shimizu N., Gojobori T., Golde D. W., Chen I. S., Miwa M., Sugimura T. Complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of human T-cell leukemia virus type II: an open reading frame for the protease gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(10):3101–3105. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.10.3101. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Shinnick T. M., Lerner R. A., Sutcliffe J. G. Nucleotide sequence of Moloney murine leukaemia virus. Nature. 1981 Oct 15;293(5833):543–548. doi: 10.1038/293543a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Steele P. E., Rabson A. B., Bryan T., Martin M. A. Distinctive termini characterize two families of human endogenous retroviral sequences. Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):943–947. doi: 10.1126/science.6089336. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Szurek P. F., Yuen P. H., Jerzy R., Wong P. K. Identification of point mutations in the envelope gene of Moloney murine leukemia virus TB temperature-sensitive paralytogenic mutant ts1: molecular determinants for neurovirulence. J Virol. 1988 Jan;62(1):357–360. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.1.357-360.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Todd J. A., Bell J. I., McDevitt H. O. HLA-DQ beta gene contributes to susceptibility and resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Nature. 1987 Oct 15;329(6140):599–604. doi: 10.1038/329599a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Tsujimoto A., Teruuchi T., Imamura J., Shimotohno K., Miyoshi I., Miwa M. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a provirus derived from HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). Mol Biol Med. 1988 Feb;5(1):29–42. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Uchiyama T., Yodoi J., Sagawa K., Takatsuki K., Uchino H. Adult T-cell leukemia: clinical and hematologic features of 16 cases. Blood. 1977 Sep;50(3):481–492. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Wong-Staal F., Hahn B., Manzari V., Colombini S., Franchini G., Gelmann E. P., Gallo R. C. A survey of human leukaemias for sequences of a human retrovirus. Nature. 1983 Apr 14;302(5909):626–628. doi: 10.1038/302626a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Yoshida M., Seiki M. Recent advances in the molecular biology of HTLV-1: trans-activation of viral and cellular genes. Annu Rev Immunol. 1987;5:541–559. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.05.040187.002545. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The EMBO Journal are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES