Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1993 Feb 15;90(4):1551–1555. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.4.1551

Three unusual modifications, a D-arabinosyl, an N-methyl, and a carbamoyl group, are present on the Nod factors of Azorhizobium caulinodans strain ORS571.

P Mergaert 1, M Van Montagu 1, J C Promé 1, M Holsters 1
PMCID: PMC45912  PMID: 8434016

Abstract

Azorhizobium caulinodans strain ORS571 is a symbiont of the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata. Upon nod gene induction with naringenin, strain ORS571 secretes into the culture medium Nod factors that morphologically change the host plant--in particular, deformed root hairs (Hai/Had) and meristematic foci are formed at the basis of lateral roots. The latter infrequently develop further into nodule-like structures. The azorhizobial Nod factors are chitin tetramers or pentamers, N-acylated at the nonreducing-end glucosamine with either vaccenic acid (C18:1) or stearic acid (C18:0). They, thus, resemble the previously described Nod factors from (brady)rhizobia. The backbone lipooligosaccharide is substituted with unusual modifications, presumably involved in host-specificity determination. There is a D-arabinose branch on the reducing end and an N-methyl and O-carbamoyl substitution on the nonreducing end of the oligosaccharide chain. The previously identified nod gene nolK may be involved in the synthesis of a D-arabinose derivative. The nodS gene product is probably responsible for the N-methylation of Nod factors.

Full text

PDF
1551

Images in this article

1552Image
on p.1552
1554Image
on p.1554

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bonner W. M., Stedman J. D. Efficient fluorography of 3H and 14C on thin layers. Anal Biochem. 1978 Aug 15;89(1):247–256. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(78)90747-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Goethals K., Gao M., Tomekpe K., Van Montagu M., Holsters M. Common nodABC genes in Nod locus 1 of Azorhizobium caulinodans: nucleotide sequence and plant-inducible expression. Mol Gen Genet. 1989 Oct;219(1-2):289–298. doi: 10.1007/BF00261190. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Goethals K., Mergaert P., Gao M., Geelen D., Van Montagu M., Holsters M. Identification of a new inducible nodulation gene in Azorhizobium caulinodans. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1992 Sep-Oct;5(5):405–411. doi: 10.1094/mpmi-5-405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Goethals K., Van den Eeede G., Van Montagu M., Holsters M. Identification and characterization of a functional nodD gene in Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571. J Bacteriol. 1990 May;172(5):2658–2666. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.5.2658-2666.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. HAKOMORI S. A RAPID PERMETHYLATION OF GLYCOLIPID, AND POLYSACCHARIDE CATALYZED BY METHYLSULFINYL CARBANION IN DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE. J Biochem. 1964 Feb;55:205–208. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kawakami Y., Yamasaki K., Nakamura S. The structures of component A1 (= LL-AB664) and component A2 (= LL-AC541), streptothricin-like antibiotics. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1981 Jul;34(7):921–922. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.34.921. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Kusumoto S., Kambayashi Y., Imaoka S., Shima K., Shiba T. Total chemical structure of streptothricin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1982 Jul;35(7):925–927. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.35.925. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Lerouge P., Roche P., Faucher C., Maillet F., Truchet G., Promé J. C., Dénarié J. Symbiotic host-specificity of Rhizobium meliloti is determined by a sulphated and acylated glucosamine oligosaccharide signal. Nature. 1990 Apr 19;344(6268):781–784. doi: 10.1038/344781a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Roche P., Debellé F., Maillet F., Lerouge P., Faucher C., Truchet G., Dénarié J., Promé J. C. Molecular basis of symbiotic host specificity in Rhizobium meliloti: nodH and nodPQ genes encode the sulfation of lipo-oligosaccharide signals. Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1131–1143. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90290-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Roche P., Lerouge P., Ponthus C., Promé J. C. Structural determination of bacterial nodulation factors involved in the Rhizobium meliloti-alfalfa symbiosis. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jun 15;266(17):10933–10940. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Sanjuan J., Carlson R. W., Spaink H. P., Bhat U. R., Barbour W. M., Glushka J., Stacey G. A 2-O-methylfucose moiety is present in the lipo-oligosaccharide nodulation signal of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 15;89(18):8789–8793. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.18.8789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Schultze M., Quiclet-Sire B., Kondorosi E., Virelizer H., Glushka J. N., Endre G., Géro S. D., Kondorosi A. Rhizobium meliloti produces a family of sulfated lipooligosaccharides exhibiting different degrees of plant host specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jan 1;89(1):192–196. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.1.192. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Spaink H. P., Aarts A., Stacey G., Bloemberg G. V., Lugtenberg B. J., Kennedy E. P. Detection and separation of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium Nod metabolites using thin-layer chromatography. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1992 Jan-Feb;5(1):72–80. doi: 10.1094/mpmi-5-072. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Spaink H. P., Sheeley D. M., van Brussel A. A., Glushka J., York W. S., Tak T., Geiger O., Kennedy E. P., Reinhold V. N., Lugtenberg B. J. A novel highly unsaturated fatty acid moiety of lipo-oligosaccharide signals determines host specificity of Rhizobium. Nature. 1991 Nov 14;354(6349):125–130. doi: 10.1038/354125a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Tsien H. C., Dreyfus B. L., Schmidt E. L. Initial stages in the morphogenesis of nitrogen-fixing stem nodules of Sesbania rostrata. J Bacteriol. 1983 Nov;156(2):888–897. doi: 10.1128/jb.156.2.888-897.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. van Brussel A. A., Bakhuizen R., van Spronsen P. C., Spaink H. P., Tak T., Lugtenberg B. J., Kijne J. W. Induction of pre-infection thread structures in the leguminous host plant by mitogenic lipo-oligosaccharides of Rhizobium. Science. 1992 Jul 3;257(5066):70–72. doi: 10.1126/science.257.5066.70. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES