Skip to main content
Thorax logoLink to Thorax
. 1987 Jun;42(6):401–408. doi: 10.1136/thx.42.6.401

Pulmonary sequestration and related congenital bronchopulmonary-vascular malformations: nomenclature and classification based on anatomical and embryological considerations.

B S Clements 1, J O Warner 1
PMCID: PMC460770  PMID: 3660297

Abstract

The pulmonary sequestration spectrum and related congenital lung anomalies present an extremely complex and varied group of bronchopulmonary-vascular malformations. Previous attempts at nomenclature and classification have proved inadequate. In this article we present a classification of the newly named pulmonary malinosculation spectrum, which includes all congenital lung anomalies where there is abnormal connection (that is, malinosculation) of one or more of the four major components of lung tissue--namely, tracheobronchial airway, lung parenchyma, arterial supply, and venous drainage, which in various combinations make up these lesions. We feel that this simple descriptive approach will improve our understanding and management of these complicated lesions and this is supported by the clinical experience we report in the next article.

Full text

PDF
403

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Alivizatos P., Cheatle T., de Leval M., Stark J. Pulmonary sequestration complicated by anomalies of pulmonary venous return. J Pediatr Surg. 1985 Feb;20(1):76–79. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(85)80398-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BOYDEN E. A. Bronchogenic cysts and the theory of intralobar sequestration: new embryologic data. J Thorac Surg. 1958 May;35(5):604–616. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Buntain W. L., Isaacs H., Jr, Payne V. C., Jr, Lindesmith G. G., Rosenkrantz J. G. Lobar emphysema, cystic adenomaloid malformation, pulmonary sequestration, and bronchogenic cyst in infancy and childhood: A clinical group. J Pediatr Surg. 1974 Feb;9(1):85–93. doi: 10.1016/0022-3468(74)90013-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Carter R. Pulmonary sequestration. Ann Thorac Surg. 1969 Jan;7(1):68–88. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)66147-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chiu R. C., Herba M. J., Viloria J., Mulder D. S. Thoracopulmonary hypogenesis with systemic artery-pulmonary vessel fistulae: report of a case. Ann Thorac Surg. 1981 Apr;31(4):360–363. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)60968-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Choplin R. H., Siegel M. J. Pulmonary sequestration: six unusual presentations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1980 Apr;134(4):695–700. doi: 10.2214/ajr.134.4.695. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Culiner M. M. Intralobar bronchial cystic disease, the "sequestration complex" and cystic bronchiectasis. Dis Chest. 1968 Apr;53(4):462–469. doi: 10.1378/chest.53.4.462. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Demos N. J., Teresi A. Congenital lung malformations: a unified concept and a case report. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1975 Aug;70(2):260–264. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Derksen O. S. Scimitar syndrome and pulmonary sequestration. Pulmonary anomalies with persistent embryonic communications between the pulmonary and the systemic circulation. Radiol Clin (Basel) 1977;46(2):81–93. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. EDWARDS J. E. Pathologic and developmental considerations in anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin. 1953 Aug 26;28(17):441–452. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Flisak M. E., Chandrasekar A. J., Marsan R. E., Ali M. M. Systemic arterialization of lung without sequestration. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1982 Apr;138(4):751–753. doi: 10.2214/ajr.138.4.751. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Folger G. M. The scimitar syndrome. Anatomic, physiologic, developmental and therapeutic considerations. Angiology. 1976 Jun;27(6):373–407. doi: 10.1177/000331977602700605. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Golding M. R., Kwon K., Chiu C. J., Nicastri A. D. Pulmonary sequestration. A report of an unusual case. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1967 Jul;54(1):121–125. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Haller J. A., Jr, Golladay E. S., Pickard L. R., Tepas J. J., 3rd, Shorter N. A., Shermeta D. W. Surgical management of lung bud anomalies: lobar emphysema, bronchogenic cyst, cystic adenomatoid malformation, and intralobar pulmonary sequestration. Ann Thorac Surg. 1979 Jul;28(1):33–43. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)63389-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Iwai K., Shindo G., Hajikano H., Tajima H., Morimoto M. Intralobar pulmonary sequestration, with special reference to developmental pathology. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1973 Jun;107(6):911–920. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1973.107.6.911. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kirks D. R., Kane P. E., Free E. A., Taybi H. Systemic arterial supply to normal basilar segments of the left lower lobe. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1976 Apr;126(4):817–821. doi: 10.2214/ajr.126.4.817. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kuiper-Oosterwal C. H., Moulaert A. The scimitar syndrome in infancy and childhood. Eur J Cardiol. 1973 Sep;1(1):55–61. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Macpherson R. I., Whytehead L. Pseudosequestration. J Can Assoc Radiol. 1977 Mar;28(1):17–25. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. NEILL C. A. Development of the pulmonary veins; with reference to the embryology of anomalies of pulmonary venous return. Pediatrics. 1956 Dec;18(6):880–887. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. NEILL C. A., FERENCZ C., SABISTON D. C., SHELDON H. The familial occurrence of hypoplastic right lung with systemic arterial supply and venous drainage "scimitar syndrome". Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1960 Jul;107:1–21. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Phelan P. D. Does adult chronic obstructive lung disease really begin in childhood? Br J Dis Chest. 1984 Jan;78(1):1–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. SMITH R. A. A theory of the origin of intralobar sequestration of lung. Thorax. 1956 Mar;11(1):10–24. doi: 10.1136/thx.11.1.10. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sade R. M., Clouse M., Ellis F. H., Jr The spectrum of pulmonary sequestration. Ann Thorac Surg. 1974 Dec;18(6):644–658. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)64417-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Stovin P. G. Early lung development. Thorax. 1985 Jun;40(6):401–404. doi: 10.1136/thx.40.6.401. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Takahashi M., Ohno M., Milhara K., Matsuura K., Sumiyoshi A. Intralobar pulmonary sequestration; with special emphasis on bronchial communication. Radiology. 1975 Mar;114(3):543–549. doi: 10.1148/114.3.543. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Thilenius O. G., Ruschhaupt D. G., Replogle R. L., Bharati S., Herman T., Arcilla R. A. Spectrum of pulmonary sequestration: association with anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in infants. Pediatr Cardiol. 1983 Apr-Jun;4(2):97–103. doi: 10.1007/BF02076333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Thorax are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES