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. 1993 Jun 1;90(11):5071–5075. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.11.5071

Analysis of the mouse protamine 1 promoter in transgenic mice.

B P Zambrowicz 1, C J Harendza 1, J W Zimmermann 1, R L Brinster 1, R D Palmiter 1
PMCID: PMC46656  PMID: 8389466

Abstract

Protamines are small arginine-rich proteins that package DNA in spermatozoa. The mouse protamine 1 (Prm-1) gene is transcribed exclusively in post-meiotic spermatids. To identify elements in the Prm-1 promoter required for spermatid-specific transcription, we generated transgenic mice by microinjection of transgenes containing Prm-1 5' flanking sequences with 5' truncations or internal deletions of conserved sequences linked to a marked Prm-1 gene. We also tested Prm-1 promoter regions with a heterologous human growth hormone reporter gene. We conclude that a 113-bp region can direct spermatid-specific transcription and we have defined sequences within this region that are essential for proper function. These results will facilitate the isolation and characterization of transcription factors essential for post-meiotic gene expression.

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Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

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