Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1993 Oct 15;90(20):9596–9600. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9596

Single amino acid substitutions uncouple the DNA binding and strand scission activities of Fok I endonuclease.

D S Waugh 1, R T Sauer 1
PMCID: PMC47616  PMID: 8415747

Abstract

Single alanine substitution mutations at Asp-450 or Asp-467 of the type IIS restriction enzyme Fok I have no effect on the ability of the enzyme to bind strongly and selectively to its recognition site but completely eliminate its ability to cleave either strand of substrate DNA. Since wild-type Fok I shows no kinetic preference or required order of strand cleavage, these results indicate that Fok I, which evidently functions as a monomer, uses a single catalytic center to cleave both strands of DNA. In this respect, Fok I may resemble other monomeric enzymes that cleave double-stranded DNA.

Full text

PDF
9600

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bocklage H., Heeger K., Müller-Hill B. Cloning and characterization of the MboII restriction-modification system. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Mar 11;19(5):1007–1013. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.5.1007. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Hecht M. H., Nelson H. C., Sauer R. T. Mutations in lambda repressor's amino-terminal domain: implications for protein stability and DNA binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 May;80(9):2676–2680. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.9.2676. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Heitman J., Model P. SOS induction as an in vivo assay of enzyme-DNA interactions. Gene. 1991 Jul 15;103(1):1–9. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90383-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Heitman J., Model P. Substrate recognition by the EcoRI endonuclease. Proteins. 1990;7(2):185–197. doi: 10.1002/prot.340070207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Kaczorowski T., Skowron P., Podhajska A. J. Purification and characterization of the FokI restriction endonuclease. Gene. 1989 Aug 15;80(2):209–216. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90285-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kita K., Kotani H., Sugisaki H., Takanami M. The fokI restriction-modification system. I. Organization and nucleotide sequences of the restriction and modification genes. J Biol Chem. 1989 Apr 5;264(10):5751–5756. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Li L., Wu L. P., Chandrasegaran S. Functional domains in Fok I restriction endonuclease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 May 15;89(10):4275–4279. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.10.4275. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Looney M. C., Moran L. S., Jack W. E., Feehery G. R., Benner J. S., Slatko B. E., Wilson G. G. Nucleotide sequence of the FokI restriction-modification system: separate strand-specificity domains in the methyltransferase. Gene. 1989 Aug 15;80(2):193–208. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90284-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Oller A. R., Vanden Broek W., Conrad M., Topal M. D. Ability of DNA and spermidine to affect the activity of restriction endonucleases from several bacterial species. Biochemistry. 1991 Mar 5;30(9):2543–2549. doi: 10.1021/bi00223a035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Pein C. D., Reuter M., Meisel A., Cech D., Krüger D. H. Activation of restriction endonuclease EcoRII does not depend on the cleavage of stimulator DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Oct 11;19(19):5139–5142. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.19.5139. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Selent U., Rüter T., Köhler E., Liedtke M., Thielking V., Alves J., Oelgeschläger T., Wolfes H., Peters F., Pingoud A. A site-directed mutagenesis study to identify amino acid residues involved in the catalytic function of the restriction endonuclease EcoRV. Biochemistry. 1992 May 26;31(20):4808–4815. doi: 10.1021/bi00135a010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Studier F. W., Rosenberg A. H., Dunn J. J., Dubendorff J. W. Use of T7 RNA polymerase to direct expression of cloned genes. Methods Enzymol. 1990;185:60–89. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(90)85008-c. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Sugisaki H., Kanazawa S. New restriction endonucleases from Flavobacterium okeanokoites (FokI) and Micrococcus luteus (MluI). Gene. 1981 Dec;16(1-3):73–78. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(81)90062-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Szybalski W. Universal restriction endonucleases: designing novel cleavage specificities by combining adapter oligodeoxynucleotide and enzyme moieties. Gene. 1985;40(2-3):169–173. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90039-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Thielking V., Selent U., Köhler E., Wolfes H., Pieper U., Geiger R., Urbanke C., Winkler F. K., Pingoud A. Site-directed mutagenesis studies with EcoRV restriction endonuclease to identify regions involved in recognition and catalysis. Biochemistry. 1991 Jul 2;30(26):6416–6422. doi: 10.1021/bi00240a011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Vershon A. K., Liao S. M., McClure W. R., Sauer R. T. Bacteriophage P22 Mnt repressor. DNA binding and effects on transcription in vitro. J Mol Biol. 1987 May 20;195(2):311–322. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90652-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Wilson G. G., Murray N. E. Restriction and modification systems. Annu Rev Genet. 1991;25:585–627. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.25.120191.003101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES