Abstract
A special analysis of mortality data for England and Wales fof 1972 has been used to examine the relationship between month of birth and month of death. For persons 75 and over in eight subgroups (by sex and marital status) there was a consistent trend in deaths with an excess in the birth month and the following three months. This excess was of the order of only 1% of all deaths in the year but statistically significant for each subgroup. The method of analysis was adjusted for the nonsynchronous monthly variation in births and deaths, but a systematic error in recording the month of birth could not be excluded. A wide range of studies on the relationship between stress, morbidity, and mortality are briefly reviewed; it is suggested that in the elderly a birthday may in some subtle way influence the general morale of an individual. Further studies have been planned to test whether 'birthday stress' is a realistic explanation, or if a number of other hypotheses need to be invoked.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Barker M. G. Psychiatric illness after hysterectomy. Br Med J. 1968 Apr 13;2(5597):91–95. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5597.91. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Beck J. C., Worthen K. Precipitating stress, crisis theory, and hospitalization in schizophrenia and depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1972 Feb;26(2):123–129. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1972.01750200027006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown G. W., Harris T. O., Peto J. Life events and psychiatric disorders. 2. Nature of causal link. Psychol Med. 1973 May;3(2):159–176. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700048492. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bunch J., Barraclough B. The influence of parental death anniversaires upon suicide dates. Br J Psychiatry. 1971 Jun;118(547):621–626. doi: 10.1192/bjp.118.547.621. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Burns B. H., Howell J. B. Disproportionately severe breathlessness in chronic bronchitis. Q J Med. 1969 Jul;38(151):277–294. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chester R. Health and marriage breakdown: experience of a sample of divorced women. Br J Prev Soc Med. 1971 Nov;25(4):231–235. doi: 10.1136/jech.25.4.231. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohen S. I., Hajioff J. Life events and the onset of acute closed-angle glaucoma. J Psychosom Res. 1972 Aug;16(5):335–341. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(72)90086-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eastwood M. R., Trevelyan H. Stress and coronary heart disease. J Psychosom Res. 1971 Sep;15(3):289–292. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(71)90040-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Elkinton J. R. Scared to death? Ann Intern Med. 1971 May;74(5):789–790. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-789. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Engel G. L. Sudden and rapid death during psychological stress. Folklore or folk wisdom? Ann Intern Med. 1971 May;74(5):771–782. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-771. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Graham S., Snell L. M., Graham J. B., Ford L. Social trauma in the epidemiology of cancer of the cervix. J Chronic Dis. 1971 Dec;24(11):711–725. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(71)90096-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HILGARD J. R., NEWMAN M. F., FISK F. Strength of adult ego following childhood bereavement. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1960 Oct;30:788–798. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1960.tb02094.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JONES E. G., MACDONALD I., BRESLOW L. A study of epidemiologic factors in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1958 Jul;76(1):1–10. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(16)36857-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kasl S. V., Cobb S. The intrafamilial transmission of rheumatoid arthritis. VI. Association of rheumatoid arthritis with several types of status inconsistency. J Chronic Dis. 1969 Sep;22(4):259–278. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(69)90018-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MACMAHON B., PUGH T. F. SUICIDE IN THE WIDOWED. Am J Epidemiol. 1965 Jan;81:23–31. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120494. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MEYER R. J., HAGGERTY R. J. Streptococcal infections in families. Factors altering individual susceptibility. Pediatrics. 1962 Apr;29:539–549. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Milton G. W. Self-willed death or the bone-pointing syndrome. Lancet. 1973 Jun 23;1(7817):1435–1436. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91754-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PAFFENBARGER R. S., Jr EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PARAPARTUM MENTAL ILLNESS. Br J Prev Soc Med. 1964 Oct;18:189–195. doi: 10.1136/jech.18.4.189. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PARKES C. M. RECENT BEREAVEMENT AS A CAUSE OF MENTAL ILLNESS. Br J Psychiatry. 1964 Mar;110:198–204. doi: 10.1192/bjp.110.465.198. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parkes C. M., Benjamin B., Fitzgerald R. G. Broken heart: a statistical study of increased mortality among widowers. Br Med J. 1969 Mar 22;1(5646):740–743. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5646.740. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Perlman L. V., Ferguson S., Bergum K., Isenberg E. L., Hammarsten J. F. Precipitation of congestive heart failure: social and emotional factors. Ann Intern Med. 1971 Jul;75(1):1–7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-75-1-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rahe R. H., Romo M., Bennett L., Siltanen P. Recent life changes, myocardial infarction, and abrupt coronary death. Studies in Helsinki. Arch Intern Med. 1974 Feb;133(2):221–228. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rees W. D., Lutkins S. G. Mortality of bereavement. Br Med J. 1967 Oct 7;4(5570):13–16. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5570.13. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richards D. H. Depression after hysterectomy. Lancet. 1973 Aug 25;2(7826):430–433. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)92286-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rosenman R. H., Friedman M., Straus R., Jenkins C. D., Zyzanski S. J., Wurm M. Coronary heart disease in the Western Collaborative Group Study. A follow-up experience of 4 and one-half years. J Chronic Dis. 1970 Sep;23(3):173–190. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(70)90094-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shepherd D., Barraclough B. M. The aftermath of suicide. Br Med J. 1974 Jun 15;2(5919):600–603. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5919.600. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stein Z., Susser M. Widowhood and mental illness. Br J Prev Soc Med. 1969 May;23(2):106–110. doi: 10.1136/jech.23.2.106. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wardwell W. I., Bahnson C. B. Behavioral variables and myocardial infarction in the southeastern Connecticut heart study. J Chronic Dis. 1973 Jul;26(7):447–461. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(73)90096-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- YOUNG M., BENJAMIN B., WALLIS C. THE MORTALITY OF WIDOWERS. Lancet. 1963 Aug 31;2(7305):454–456. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(63)92193-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]