Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1993 Dec 1;90(23):11371–11375. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.23.11371

Cloning of Nrf1, an NF-E2-related transcription factor, by genetic selection in yeast.

J Y Chan 1, X L Han 1, Y W Kan 1
PMCID: PMC47984  PMID: 8248256

Abstract

We have devised a complementation assay in yeast to clone mammalian transcriptional activators and have used it to identify a human basic leucine-zipper transcription factor that we have designated Nrf1 for NF-E2-related factor 1. Nrf1 potentially encodes a 742-aa protein and displays marked homology to the mouse and human NF-E2 transcription factors. Nrf1 activates transcription via NF-E2 binding sites in yeast cells. The ubiquitous expression pattern of Nrf1 and the range of promoters containing the NF-E2 binding motif suggest that this gene may play a role in the regulation of heme synthesis and ferritin genes.

Full text

PDF
11373

Images in this article

11373Fig. 3
on p.11373
11374Fig. 4
on p.11374

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Abraham N. G. Molecular regulation--biological role of heme in hematopoiesis. Blood Rev. 1991 Mar;5(1):19–28. doi: 10.1016/0268-960x(91)90004-v. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Andrews N. C., Erdjument-Bromage H., Davidson M. B., Tempst P., Orkin S. H. Erythroid transcription factor NF-E2 is a haematopoietic-specific basic-leucine zipper protein. Nature. 1993 Apr 22;362(6422):722–728. doi: 10.1038/362722a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Becker D. M., Fikes J. D., Guarente L. A cDNA encoding a human CCAAT-binding protein cloned by functional complementation in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 1;88(5):1968–1972. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.5.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Becker D. M., Guarente L. High-efficiency transformation of yeast by electroporation. Methods Enzymol. 1991;194:182–187. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(91)94015-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Behringer R. R., Ryan T. M., Reilly M. P., Asakura T., Palmiter R. D., Brinster R. L., Townes T. M. Synthesis of functional human hemoglobin in transgenic mice. Science. 1989 Sep 1;245(4921):971–973. doi: 10.1126/science.2772649. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chan J. Y., Han X. L., Kan Y. W. Isolation of cDNA encoding the human NF-E2 protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Dec 1;90(23):11366–11370. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.23.11366. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Collis P., Antoniou M., Grosveld F. Definition of the minimal requirements within the human beta-globin gene and the dominant control region for high level expression. EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):233–240. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08100.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Conboy J., Kan Y. W., Shohet S. B., Mohandas N. Molecular cloning of protein 4.1, a major structural element of the human erythrocyte membrane skeleton. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9512–9516. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.24.9512. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Curtin P. T., Liu D. P., Liu W., Chang J. C., Kan Y. W. Human beta-globin gene expression in transgenic mice is enhanced by a distant DNase I hypersensitive site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(18):7082–7086. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.18.7082. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Curtin P., Pirastu M., Kan Y. W., Gobert-Jones J. A., Stephens A. D., Lehmann H. A distant gene deletion affects beta-globin gene function in an atypical gamma delta beta-thalassemia. J Clin Invest. 1985 Oct;76(4):1554–1558. doi: 10.1172/JCI112136. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Driscoll M. C., Dobkin C. S., Alter B. P. Gamma delta beta-thalassemia due to a de novo mutation deleting the 5' beta-globin gene activation-region hypersensitive sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(19):7470–7474. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.19.7470. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Fikes J. D., Becker D. M., Winston F., Guarente L. Striking conservation of TFIID in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature. 1990 Jul 19;346(6281):291–294. doi: 10.1038/346291a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Forrester W. C., Thompson C., Elder J. T., Groudine M. A developmentally stable chromatin structure in the human beta-globin gene cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(5):1359–1363. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.5.1359. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gietz R. D., Sugino A. New yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors constructed with in vitro mutagenized yeast genes lacking six-base pair restriction sites. Gene. 1988 Dec 30;74(2):527–534. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90185-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Grosveld F., van Assendelft G. B., Greaves D. R., Kollias G. Position-independent, high-level expression of the human beta-globin gene in transgenic mice. Cell. 1987 Dec 24;51(6):975–985. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90584-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Guarente L., Hoar E. Upstream activation sites of the CYC1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are active when inverted but not when placed downstream of the "TATA box". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(24):7860–7864. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.24.7860. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hirai S. I., Ryseck R. P., Mechta F., Bravo R., Yaniv M. Characterization of junD: a new member of the jun proto-oncogene family. EMBO J. 1989 May;8(5):1433–1439. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03525.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Ikuta T., Kan Y. W. In vivo protein-DNA interactions at the beta-globin gene locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 15;88(22):10188–10192. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.22.10188. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kozak M. An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Oct 26;15(20):8125–8148. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.20.8125. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Landschulz W. H., Johnson P. F., McKnight S. L. The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins. Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1759–1764. doi: 10.1126/science.3289117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lee M. G., Nurse P. Complementation used to clone a human homologue of the fission yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2. Nature. 1987 May 7;327(6117):31–35. doi: 10.1038/327031a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Mignotte V., Eleouet J. F., Raich N., Romeo P. H. Cis- and trans-acting elements involved in the regulation of the erythroid promoter of the human porphobilinogen deaminase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(17):6548–6552. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.17.6548. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Mitchell P. J., Tjian R. Transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):371–378. doi: 10.1126/science.2667136. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Mohler J., Vani K., Leung S., Epstein A. Segmentally restricted, cephalic expression of a leucine zipper gene during Drosophila embryogenesis. Mech Dev. 1991 Mar;34(1):3–9. doi: 10.1016/0925-4773(91)90086-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Moi P., Kan Y. W. Synergistic enhancement of globin gene expression by activator protein-1-like proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(22):9000–9004. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.22.9000. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Ney P. A., Sorrentino B. P., McDonagh K. T., Nienhuis A. W. Tandem AP-1-binding sites within the human beta-globin dominant control region function as an inducible enhancer in erythroid cells. Genes Dev. 1990 Jun;4(6):993–1006. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.6.993. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Orkin S. H. GATA-binding transcription factors in hematopoietic cells. Blood. 1992 Aug 1;80(3):575–581. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Orkin S. H. Globin gene regulation and switching: circa 1990. Cell. 1990 Nov 16;63(4):665–672. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90133-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Pascal E., Tjian R. Different activation domains of Sp1 govern formation of multimers and mediate transcriptional synergism. Genes Dev. 1991 Sep;5(9):1646–1656. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.9.1646. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Philipsen S., Talbot D., Fraser P., Grosveld F. The beta-globin dominant control region: hypersensitive site 2. EMBO J. 1990 Jul;9(7):2159–2167. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07385.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Strauss E. C., Orkin S. H. In vivo protein-DNA interactions at hypersensitive site 3 of the human beta-globin locus control region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 1;89(13):5809–5813. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.13.5809. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Talbot D., Philipsen S., Fraser P., Grosveld F. Detailed analysis of the site 3 region of the human beta-globin dominant control region. EMBO J. 1990 Jul;9(7):2169–2177. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07386.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Tanaka M., Herr W. Differential transcriptional activation by Oct-1 and Oct-2: interdependent activation domains induce Oct-2 phosphorylation. Cell. 1990 Feb 9;60(3):375–386. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90589-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Taramelli R., Kioussis D., Vanin E., Bartram K., Groffen J., Hurst J., Grosveld F. G. Gamma delta beta-thalassaemias 1 and 2 are the result of a 100 kbp deletion in the human beta-globin cluster. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Sep 11;14(17):7017–7029. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.17.7017. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Tuan D., Solomon W., Li Q., London I. M. The "beta-like-globin" gene domain in human erythroid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(19):6384–6388. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.19.6384. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Van Beveren C., van Straaten F., Curran T., Müller R., Verma I. M. Analysis of FBJ-MuSV provirus and c-fos (mouse) gene reveals that viral and cellular fos gene products have different carboxy termini. Cell. 1983 Apr;32(4):1241–1255. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90306-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Van der Ploeg L. H., Konings A., Oort M., Roos D., Bernini L., Flavell R. A. gamma-beta-Thalassaemia studies showing that deletion of the gamma- and delta-genes influences beta-globin gene expression in man. Nature. 1980 Feb 14;283(5748):637–642. doi: 10.1038/283637a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Watt R. A., Shatzman A. R., Rosenberg M. Expression and characterization of the human c-myc DNA-binding protein. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Mar;5(3):448–456. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.3.448. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES