Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Clinical Pathology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Pathology
. 1964 Nov;17(6):627–643. doi: 10.1136/jcp.17.6.627

Estimation of the low-density (beta) lipoproteins of serum in health and disease using large molecular weight dextran sulphate

K W Walton 1, P J Scott 1,1
PMCID: PMC480846  PMID: 14227432

Abstract

Studies have been made of the factors affecting the specificity of the interaction between high molecular weight dextran sulphate and low-density lipoproteins, both in pure solution and in serum. The results have been used in the development of a simple assay method for the serum concentration of low-density lipoproteins in small volumes of serum. The results obtained by this assay procedure have been found to correlate acceptably with parallel estimations of low-density lipoproteins by an ultracentrifugal technique and by paper electrophoresis.

The technique has been applied to a survey of serum levels of these proteins in a normal population. The results have been compared with data in the literature. Satisfactory agreement was found between mean levels, matched for age and sex, between the dextran sulphate method and those methods based ultimately on chemical estimation of one or more components of the isolated lipoproteins. A systematic difference was observed when the dextran sulphate method was compared with estimates based on analytical ultracentrifugation or turbidimetry using amylopectin sulphate.

Some indication of the range of application of the dextran sulphate method in clinical chemistry is provided.

Full text

PDF
628

Images in this article

641Image
on p.641

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ANTONIADES H. N., TULLIS J. L., SARGEANT L. H., PENNELL R. B., ONCLEY J. L. A simple nephelometric test for beta lipoproteins of human serum. J Lab Clin Med. 1958 Apr;51(4):630–637. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BERNFELD P., BERKOWITZ M. E., DONAHUE V. M. A simple nephelometric method for the determination of human serum betalipoprotein. J Clin Invest. 1957 Sep;36(9):1363–1369. doi: 10.1172/JCI103535. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bernfeld P., Bonner C. D., Berkeley B. J. SERUM beta-LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE, AS DETERMINED BY THE NEPHELOMETRIC METHOD WITH AMYLOPECTIN SULFATE AS REAGENT. J Clin Invest. 1960 Dec;39(12):1864–1873. doi: 10.1172/JCI104210. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. COCHRAN R., GWINUP G. Coronary artery disease in young females. Possibility of oophorectomy as an etiologic agent. Arch Intern Med. 1962 Aug;110:162–165. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1962.03620200022005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. CORNWELL D. G., KRUGER F. A., HAMWI G. J., BROWN J. B. Studies on the characterization of human serum lipoproteins separated by ultracentrifugation in a density gradient. I. Serum lipoproteins in normal, hyperthyroid and hypercholesterolemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1961 Jan-Feb;9:24–40. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/9.1.24. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. CROCKSON R. A. An improved method for the determination of total serum cholesterol using toluene-p-sulphonic acid. J Med Lab Technol. 1962 Oct;19:243–255. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. FURMAN R. H., HOWARD R. P., LAKSHMI K., NORCIA L. N. The serum lipids and lipoproteins in normal and hyperlipidemic subjects as determined by preparative ultracentrifugation. Effects of dietary and therapeutic measures. Changes induced by in vitro exposure of serum to sonic forces. Am J Clin Nutr. 1961 Jan-Feb;9:73–102. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/9.1.73. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. GITLIN D., CORNWELL D. G., NAKASATO D., ONCLEY J. L., HUGHES W. L., Jr, JANEWAY C. A. Studies on the metabolism of plasma proteins in the nephrotic syndrome. II. The lipoproteins. J Clin Invest. 1958 Feb;37(2):172–184. doi: 10.1172/JCI103596. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. GOFMAN J. W., GLAZIER F., TAMPLIN A., STRISOWER B., DE LALLA O. Lipoproteins, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis. Physiol Rev. 1954 Jul;34(3):589–607. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1954.34.3.589. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. GOFMAN J. W., JONES H. B., LINDGREN F. T., LYON T. P., ELLIOTT H. A., STRISOWER B. Blood lipids and human atherosclerosis. Circulation. 1950 Aug;2(2):161–178. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.2.2.161. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. HAVEL R. J., EDER H. A., BRAGDON J. H. The distribution and chemical composition of ultracentrifugally separated lipoproteins in human serum. J Clin Invest. 1955 Sep;34(9):1345–1353. doi: 10.1172/JCI103182. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. HEISKELL C. L., FISK R. T., FLORSHEIM W. H., TACHIA, GOODMAN J. R., CARPENTER C. M. A simple method for quantitation of serum beta-lipoproteins by means of the immunocrit. Am J Clin Pathol. 1961 Mar;35:222–226. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/35.3.222. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. KEYS A., GRANDE F. Role of dietary fat in human nutrition. III. Diet and the epidemiology of coronary heart disease. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1957 Dec;47(12):1520–1530. doi: 10.2105/ajph.47.12.1520. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. LEVER W. F., GURD F. R. N., UROMA E., BROWN R. K., BARNES B. A., SCHMID K., SCHULTZ E. L. Chemical, clinical and immunological studies on the products of human plasma fractionation XL. Quantitative separation and determination of the protein components in small amounts of normal human plasma. J Clin Invest. 1951 Jan;30(1):99–111. doi: 10.1172/JCI102423. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. MCFARLANE A. S. Labelling of plasma proteins with radioactive iodine. Biochem J. 1956 Jan;62(1):135–143. doi: 10.1042/bj0620135. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. MORRIS J. N., HEADY J. A., RAFFLE P. A., ROBERTS C. G., PARKS J. W. Coronary heart-disease and physical activity of work. Lancet. 1953 Nov 28;265(6796):1111–concl. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(53)91495-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. PEARSALL H. R., CHANUTIN A. Electrophoretic, nitrogen and lipide analyses of plasma and plasma fractions of healthy young men. Am J Med. 1949 Sep;7(3):297–300. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(49)90430-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. RICKETTS C. R. Dextran sulphate--a synthetic analogue of heparin. Biochem J. 1952 Apr;51(1):129–133. doi: 10.1042/bj0510129. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. RICKETTS C. R., WALTON K. W., VAN LEUVEN B. D., BIRBECK A., BROWN A., KENNEDY A. C., BURT C. C. Therapeutic trial of the synthetic heparin analogue dextran sulphate. Lancet. 1953 Nov 14;265(6794):1004–1010. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(53)91306-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. RUSS E. M., EDER H. A., BARR D. P. Protein-lipid relationships in human plasma. I. In normal individuals. Am J Med. 1951 Oct;11(4):468–479. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(51)90182-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. RUSS E. M., RAYMUNT J., BARR D. P. Lipoproteins in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Invest. 1956 Feb;35(2):133–144. doi: 10.1172/JCI103257. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. SALT H. B., WOLFF O. H., LLOYD J. K., FOSBROOKE A. S., CAMERON A. H., HUBBLE D. V. On having no beta-lipoprotein. A syndrome comprising a-beta-lipoproteinaemia, acanthocytosis, and steatorrhoea. Lancet. 1960 Aug 13;2(7146):325–329. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(60)91478-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. SALT H. B., WOLFF O. H. The applications of serum lipoprotein electrophoresis in paediatric practice. Arch Dis Child. 1957 Oct;32(165):404–412. doi: 10.1136/adc.32.165.404. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. SASAKI S., NOGUCHI H. Interaction of fibrinogen with dextran sulfate. J Gen Physiol. 1959 Sep;43:1–12. doi: 10.1085/jgp.43.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. SCANU A., PAGE I. H. Separation and characterization of human serum chylomicrons. J Exp Med. 1959 Mar 1;109(3):239–256. doi: 10.1084/jem.109.3.239. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. SOOTHILL J. F. Estimation of eight serum proteins by a gel diffusion precipitin technique. J Lab Clin Med. 1962 May;59:859–870. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. WALTON K. W., SCOTT P. J., VERRIERJONES J., FLETCHER R. F., WHITEHEAD T. STUDIES ON LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN TURNOVER IN RELATION TO ATROMID THERAPY. J Atheroscler Res. 1963 Sep-Dec;3:396–414. doi: 10.1016/s0368-1319(63)80020-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. WALTON K. W. The biological behaviour of a new synthetic anticoagulant (dextran sulphate) possessing heparin-like properties. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1952 Sep;7(3):370–391. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1952.tb00705.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. WOOTTON I. D. P., KING E. J. Normal values for blood constituents; inter-hospital differences. Lancet. 1953 Mar 7;1(6758):470–471. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(53)91643-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Pathology are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES