Skip to main content
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry logoLink to Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
. 1996 Dec;61(6):560–564. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.61.6.560

From thalamic syndrome to central poststroke pain.

G D Schott
PMCID: PMC486645  PMID: 8971098

Full text

PDF
561

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Andersen G., Vestergaard K., Ingeman-Nielsen M., Jensen T. S. Incidence of central post-stroke pain. Pain. 1995 May;61(2):187–193. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00144-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Awerbuch G. I., Sandyk R. Mexiletine for thalamic pain syndrome. Int J Neurosci. 1990 Dec;55(2-4):129–133. doi: 10.3109/00207459008985960. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Backonja M., Arndt G., Gombar K. A., Check B., Zimmermann M. Response of chronic neuropathic pain syndromes to ketamine: a preliminary study. Pain. 1994 Jan;56(1):51–57. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)90149-X. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bainton T., Fox M., Bowsher D., Wells C. A double-blind trial of naloxone in central post-stroke pain. Pain. 1992 Feb;48(2):159–162. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(92)90052-D. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Berman J. Imaging pain in humans. Br J Anaesth. 1995 Aug;75(2):209–216. doi: 10.1093/bja/75.2.209. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bogousslavsky J., Regli F., Uske A. Thalamic infarcts: clinical syndromes, etiology, and prognosis. Neurology. 1988 Jun;38(6):837–848. doi: 10.1212/wnl.38.6.837. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Boivie J., Leijon G., Johansson I. Central post-stroke pain--a study of the mechanisms through analyses of the sensory abnormalities. Pain. 1989 May;37(2):173–185. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(89)90128-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Boivie J., Meyerson B. A. A correlative anatomical and clinical study of pain suppression by deep brain stimulation. Pain. 1982 Jun;13(2):113–126. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(82)90022-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bowsher D. R., Foy P. M., Shaw M. D. Central pain complicating infarction following subarachnoid haemorrhage. Br J Neurosurg. 1989;3(4):435–441. doi: 10.3109/02688698909002829. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Bowsher D. Central pain: clinical and physiological characteristics. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996 Jul;61(1):62–69. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.61.1.62. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Bowsher D. The management of central post-stroke pain. Postgrad Med J. 1995 Oct;71(840):598–604. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.71.840.598. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Bushnell T. G., Craig J. Response of chronic neuropathic pain syndromes to ketamine: a role for norketamine? Pain. 1995 Jan;60(1):115–115. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00123-V. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Canavero S., Pagni C. A., Castellano G., Bonicalzi V., Belló M., Duca S., Podio V. The role of cortex in central pain syndromes: preliminary results of a long-term technetium-99 hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime single photon emission computed tomography study. Neurosurgery. 1993 Feb;32(2):185–191. doi: 10.1227/00006123-199302000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Casey K. L., Beydoun A., Boivie J., Sjolund B., Holmgren H., Leijon G., Morrow T. J., Rosen I. Laser-evoked cerebral potentials and sensory function in patients with central pain. Pain. 1996 Mar;64(3):485–491. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00143-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Cesaro P., Mann M. W., Moretti J. L., Defer G., Roualdés B., Nguyen J. P., Degos J. D. Central pain and thalamic hyperactivity: a single photon emission computerized tomographic study. Pain. 1991 Dec;47(3):329–336. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90224-L. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Clifford D. B., Trotter J. L. Pain in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1984 Dec;41(12):1270–1272. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1984.04050230052017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Devinsky O., Morrell M. J., Vogt B. A. Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour. Brain. 1995 Feb;118(Pt 1):279–306. doi: 10.1093/brain/118.1.279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Di Piero V., Jones A. K., Iannotti F., Powell M., Perani D., Lenzi G. L., Frackowiak R. S. Chronic pain: a PET study of the central effects of percutaneous high cervical cordotomy. Pain. 1991 Jul;46(1):9–12. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90026-T. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Duncan G. H., Bushnell M. C., Marchand S. Deep brain stimulation: a review of basic research and clinical studies. Pain. 1991 Apr;45(1):49–59. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90164-S. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. GARCIN R., LAPRESLE J. [2d personal observation of a sensory syndrome of the thalamic type with cheiro-oral topography caused by localized lesion of the thalamus]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1960 Nov;103:474–481. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Gates P., Nayernouri T., Sengupta R. P. Epileptic pain: a temporal lobe focus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1984 Mar;47(3):319–320. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.47.3.319. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Hirayama T., Dostrovsky J. O., Gorecki J., Tasker R. R., Lenz F. A. Recordings of abnormal activity in patients with deafferentation and central pain. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 1989;52(2-4):120–126. doi: 10.1159/000099492. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Holmgren H., Leijon G., Boivie J., Johansson I., Ilievska L. Central post-stroke pain--somatosensory evoked potentials in relation to location of the lesion and sensory signs. Pain. 1990 Jan;40(1):43–52. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(90)91049-O. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Hosobuchi Y. Motor cortical stimulation for control of central deafferentation pain. Adv Neurol. 1993;63:215–217. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Hsieh J. C., Belfrage M., Stone-Elander S., Hansson P., Ingvar M. Central representation of chronic ongoing neuropathic pain studied by positron emission tomography. Pain. 1995 Nov;63(2):225–236. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00048-W. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Iadarola M. J., Max M. B., Berman K. F., Byas-Smith M. G., Coghill R. C., Gracely R. H., Bennett G. J. Unilateral decrease in thalamic activity observed with positron emission tomography in patients with chronic neuropathic pain. Pain. 1995 Oct;63(1):55–64. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00015-K. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Jeanmonod D., Magnin M., Morel A. Low-threshold calcium spike bursts in the human thalamus. Common physiopathology for sensory, motor and limbic positive symptoms. Brain. 1996 Apr;119(Pt 2):363–375. doi: 10.1093/brain/119.2.363. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Jensen T. S., Lenz F. A. Central post-stroke pain: a challenge for the scientist and the clinician. Pain. 1995 May;61(2):161–164. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00227-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Laterre E. C., De Volder A. G., Goffinet A. M. Brain glucose metabolism in thalamic syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988 Mar;51(3):427–428. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.51.3.427. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Lee M. S., Choi I. S., Chung T. S. Thalamic syndrome and cortical hypoperfusion on technetium-99m HM-PAO brain SPECT. Yonsei Med J. 1989;30(2):151–157. doi: 10.3349/ymj.1989.30.2.151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Leijon G., Boivie J. Central post-stroke pain--a controlled trial of amitriptyline and carbamazepine. Pain. 1989 Jan;36(1):27–36. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(89)90108-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Leijon G., Boivie J. Central post-stroke pain--the effect of high and low frequency TENS. Pain. 1989 Aug;38(2):187–191. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(89)90237-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Leijon G., Boivie J., Johansson I. Central post-stroke pain--neurological symptoms and pain characteristics. Pain. 1989 Jan;36(1):13–25. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(89)90107-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Lenz F. A., Kwan H. C., Dostrovsky J. O., Tasker R. R. Characteristics of the bursting pattern of action potentials that occurs in the thalamus of patients with central pain. Brain Res. 1989 Sep 4;496(1-2):357–360. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(89)91088-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Lenz F. A., Kwan H. C., Martin R., Tasker R., Richardson R. T., Dostrovsky J. O. Characteristics of somatotopic organization and spontaneous neuronal activity in the region of the thalamic principal sensory nucleus in patients with spinal cord transection. J Neurophysiol. 1994 Oct;72(4):1570–1587. doi: 10.1152/jn.1994.72.4.1570. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Loh L., Nathan P. W., Schott G. D. Pain due to lesions of central nervous system removed by sympathetic block. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981 Mar 28;282(6269):1026–1028. doi: 10.1136/bmj.282.6269.1026. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. MARSHALL J. Sensory disturbances in cortical wounds with special reference to pain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1951 Aug;14(3):187–204. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.14.3.187. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Marshall J. C., Halligan P. W. Pain pathways and plasticity. Nature. 1993 Feb 4;361(6411):410–410. doi: 10.1038/361410a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Max M. B., Lynch S. A., Muir J., Shoaf S. E., Smoller B., Dubner R. Effects of desipramine, amitriptyline, and fluoxetine on pain in diabetic neuropathy. N Engl J Med. 1992 May 7;326(19):1250–1256. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199205073261904. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. McQuay H. J., Carroll D., Jadad A. R., Glynn C. J., Jack T., Moore R. A., Wiffeh P. J. Dextromethorphan for the treatment of neuropathic pain: a double-blind randomised controlled crossover trial with integral n-of-1 design. Pain. 1994 Oct;59(1):127–133. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)90056-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Meyerson B. A., Lindblom U., Linderoth B., Lind G., Herregodts P. Motor cortex stimulation as treatment of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1993;58:150–153. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-9297-9_34. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Michel D., Laurent B., Convers P., Garcia-Larrea L., Le Bas J. F., Mauguiere F., Schott B. Douleurs corticales. Etude clinique, électrophysiologique et topographique de 12 cas. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1990;146(6-7):405–414. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Moulin D. E., Foley K. M., Ebers G. C. Pain syndromes in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 1988 Dec;38(12):1830–1834. doi: 10.1212/wnl.38.12.1830. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Newrick P. G., Langton-Hewer R. Pain in motor neuron disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1985 Aug;48(8):838–840. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.48.8.838. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Parrent A. G., Lozano A. M., Dostrovsky J. O., Tasker R. R. Central pain in the absence of functional sensory thalamus. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 1992;59(1-4):9–14. doi: 10.1159/000098908. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Pelser H., van Gijn J. Spinal infarction. A follow-up study. Stroke. 1993 Jun;24(6):896–898. doi: 10.1161/01.str.24.6.896. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Peyron R., Garcia-Larrea L., Deiber M. P., Cinotti L., Convers P., Sindou M., Mauguière F., Laurent B. Electrical stimulation of precentral cortical area in the treatment of central pain: electrophysiological and PET study. Pain. 1995 Sep;62(3):275–286. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00211-V. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Quinn N. P., Koller W. C., Lang A. E., Marsden C. D. Painful Parkinson's disease. Lancet. 1986 Jun 14;1(8494):1366–1369. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91674-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Rinaldi P. C., Young R. F., Albe-Fessard D., Chodakiewitz J. Spontaneous neuronal hyperactivity in the medial and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of patients with deafferentation pain. J Neurosurg. 1991 Mar;74(3):415–421. doi: 10.3171/jns.1991.74.3.0415. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Rétif J., Brihaye J., Vanderhaegen J. J. Syndrome douloureux "thalamique" et lésion pariétale. A propos de trois observations de tumeur à localisation pariétale, s'étant accompagnées de douleurs spontanées de l'hémicorps controlatéral. Neurochirurgie. 1967 May-Jun;13(3):375–384. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Salanova V., Andermann F., Rasmussen T., Olivier A., Quesney L. F. Parietal lobe epilepsy. Clinical manifestations and outcome in 82 patients treated surgically between 1929 and 1988. Brain. 1995 Jun;118(Pt 3):607–627. doi: 10.1093/brain/118.3.607. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Schmahmann J. D., Leifer D. Parietal pseudothalamic pain syndrome. Clinical features and anatomic correlates. Arch Neurol. 1992 Oct;49(10):1032–1037. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1992.00530340048017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Schott G. D. Pain in Parkinson's disease. Pain. 1985 Aug;22(4):407–411. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(85)90046-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Schurch B., Wichmann W., Rossier A. B. Post-traumatic syringomyelia (cystic myelopathy): a prospective study of 449 patients with spinal cord injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996 Jan;60(1):61–67. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.60.1.61. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Siddall P. J., Taylor D., Cousins M. J. Pain associated with spinal cord injury. Curr Opin Neurol. 1995 Dec;8(6):447–450. doi: 10.1097/00019052-199512000-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Soria E. D., Fine E. J. Disappearance of thalamic pain after parietal subcortical stroke. Pain. 1991 Mar;44(3):285–288. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90098-I. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Stoodley M. A., Warren J. D., Oatey P. E. Thalamic syndrome caused by unruptured cerebral aneurysm. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1995 Feb;82(2):291–293. doi: 10.3171/jns.1995.82.2.0291. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Taira T., Tanikawa T., Kawamura H., Iseki H., Takakura K. Spinal intrathecal baclofen suppresses central pain after a stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994 Mar;57(3):381–382. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.57.3.381-a. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Triggs W. J., Berić A. Dysaesthesiae induced by physiological and electrical activation of posterior column afferents after stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994 Sep;57(9):1077–1080. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.57.9.1077. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Tsubokawa T., Katayama Y., Yamamoto T., Hirayama T., Koyama S. Chronic motor cortex stimulation in patients with thalamic pain. J Neurosurg. 1993 Mar;78(3):393–401. doi: 10.3171/jns.1993.78.3.0393. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Vestergaard K., Nielsen J., Andersen G., Ingeman-Nielsen M., Arendt-Nielsen L., Jensen T. S. Sensory abnormalities in consecutive, unselected patients with central post-stroke pain. Pain. 1995 May;61(2):177–186. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00140-A. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Wilkins R. H., Brody I. A. The thalamic syndrome. Arch Neurol. 1969 May;20(5):559–562. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1969.00480110123014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Wilson W. P., Nashold B. S. Epileptic discharges occurring in the mesencephalon and thalamus. Epilepsia. 1968 Dec;9(4):265–273. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1968.tb04960.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Yamashiro K., Iwayama K., Kurihara M., Mori K., Niwa M., Tasker R. R., Albe-Fessard D. Neurones with epileptiform discharge in the central nervous system and chronic pain. Experimental and clinical investigations. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1991;52:130–132. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-9160-6_35. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Young G. B., Blume W. T. Painful epileptic seizures. Brain. 1983 Sep;106(Pt 3):537–554. doi: 10.1093/brain/106.3.537. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES