Abstract
Visual fields were examined with a tangent screen in 54 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) or optic neuritis (ON). Visual fields were abnormal in all patients with definite MS, 94% with probable MS and 81% with possible MS. Three-quarters of the MS patients with no history of visual symptoms had abnormal fields. The commonest defect found was an arcuate scotoma. As a diagnostic test of visual pathway involvement in MS, tangent screen examination compares favourably with more sophisticated methods.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Arden G. B., Gucukoglu A. G. Grating test of contrast sensitivity in patients with retrobulbar neuritis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978 Sep;96(9):1626–1629. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1978.03910060260015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CHAMLIN M. Visual field changes in optic neuritis. AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1953 Dec;50(6):699–713. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1953.00920030710005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ellenberger C., Jr, Ziegler S. B. Visual evoked potentials and quantitative perimetry in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1977 Jun;1(6):561–564. doi: 10.1002/ana.410010608. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feinsod M., Hoyt W. F. Subclinical optic neuropathy in multiple sclerosis. How early VER components reflect axon loss and conduction defects in optic pathways. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1975 Nov;38(11):1109–1114. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.38.11.1109. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Galvin R. J., Heron J. R., Regan D. Subclinical optic neuropathy in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1977 Nov;34(11):666–670. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1977.00500230036005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HOYT W. F. Anatomic considerations of arcuate scotomas associated with lesions of the optic nerve and chiasm. A nauta axon degeneration study in the monkey. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1962 Aug;111:57–71. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Halliday A. M., McDonald W. I., Mushin J. Visual evoked response in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Br Med J. 1973 Dec 15;4(5893):661–664. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5893.661. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harrington D. O. Differential diagnosis of the arcuate scotoma. Invest Ophthalmol. 1969 Feb;8(1):96–105. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Matthews W. B., Small D. G., Small M., Pountney E. Pattern reversal evoked visual potential in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1977 Oct;40(10):1009–1014. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.40.10.1009. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Regan D., Milner B. A., Heron J. R. Delayed visual perception and delayed visual evoked potentials in the spinal form of multiple sclerosis and in retrobulbar neuritis. Brain. 1976 Mar;99(1):43–66. doi: 10.1093/brain/99.1.43. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rushton D. Use of the Pulfrich pendulum for detecting abnormal delay in the visual pathway in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 1975 Jun;98(2):283–296. doi: 10.1093/brain/98.2.283. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shahrokhi F., Chiappa K. H., Young R. R. Pattern shift visual evoked responses. Two hundred patients with optic neuritis and/or multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1978 Feb;35(2):65–71. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1978.00500260003001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Trobe J. D., Glaser J. S. Quantitative perimetry in compressive optic neuropathy and optic neuritis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978 Jul;96(7):1210–1216. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1978.03910060044008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zeller R. W. Ocular findings in the remission phase of multiple sclerosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1967 Oct;64(4):767–772. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]