Skip to main content
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry logoLink to Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
. 1981 Apr;44(4):309–314. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.44.4.309

Excitability of the monosynaptic reflex pathway in the child from birth to four years of age.

M F Vecchierini-Blineau, P Guiheneuc
PMCID: PMC490953  PMID: 7241158

Abstract

The excitability of the monosynaptic reflex pathway was tested in infants and children from birth to four years of age during waking and sleeping. The H reflex, evoked in the soleus muscle, was used to calculate the ratio, maximal H to maximal M, construct recruitment curves and test reflex excitability by the paired stimulus method. The excitability of the monosynaptic reflex pathway during the waking state is greatest at birth; it diminishes gradually during the first years of life without reaching the average level observed in adults by the end of the fourth year of age. From birth, regardless of age, sleep always depresses excitability. The mechanism that underlie this change with age, and with waking or sleeping, are discussed.

Full text

PDF
311

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ANGEL R. W., HOFMANN W. W. THE H REFLEX IN NORMAL, SPASTIC, AND RIGID SUBJECTS. Arch Neurol. 1963 Jun;9:591–596. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1963.00460060021002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BLOM S., HAGBARTH K. E., SKOGLUND S. POST-TETANIC POTENTIATION OF H-REFLEXES IN HUMAN INFANTS. Exp Neurol. 1964 Mar;9:198–211. doi: 10.1016/0014-4886(64)90017-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Castaigne P., Cathala H. P., Lacert P., Pierrot-Deseilligny E. Contribution à l'étude des troubles du tonus par le réflexe monosynaptique de Hoffmann. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1966 Nov;115(5):943–954. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dimitrijevíc M. R., Nathan P. W. Studies of spasticity in man. 2. Analysis of stretch reflexes in spasticity. Brain. 1967 Jun;90(2):333–358. doi: 10.1093/brain/90.2.333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Duron B., Marlot D., de Marles O. Réflexes d'hoffmann chez le nouveau-né normal évolution post-natale des vitesses de conduction des fibres alpha motrices et des fibres sensitives Ia du nerf cubital. Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin. 1977 Oct-Dec;7(4):509–521. doi: 10.1016/s0370-4475(77)80062-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Garcia-Mullin R., Mayer R. F. H reflexes in acute and chronic hemiplegia. Brain. 1972;95(3):559–572. doi: 10.1093/brain/95.3.559. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. HAGBARTH K. E. Post-tetanic potentiation of myotatic reflexes in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1962 Feb;25:1–10. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.25.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. HODES R., DEMENT W. C. DEPRESSION OF ELECTRICALLY INDUCED REFLEXES ("H-REFLEXES") IN MAN DURING LOW VOLTAGE EEG "SLEEP". Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1964 Dec;17:617–629. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(64)90229-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. HODES R., GRIBETZ I. NORMAL ELECTRICALLY INDUCED REFLEXES ("H REFLEXES") IN A 2-WEEK-OLD INFANT WITH ACRANIA AND CEREBRAL DYSGENESIS. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1963 Dec;15:1033–1036. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(63)90147-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. LANDAU W. M., CLARE M. H. FUSIMOTOR FUNCTION. IV. REINFORCEMENT OF THE H REFLEX IN NORMAL SUBJECTS. Arch Neurol. 1964 Feb;10:117–122. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1964.00460140003001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. MAGLADERY J. W., PORTER W. E., PARK A. M., TEASDALL R. D. Electrophysiological studies of nerve and reflex activity in normal man. IV. The two-neurone reflex and identification of certain action potentials from spinal roots and cord. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1951 Jun;88(6):499–519. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. MAGLADERY J. W., TEASDALL R. D., PARK A. M., LANGUTH H. W. Electrophysiological studies of reflex activity in patients with lesions of the nervous system. I. A comparison of spinal motoneurone excitability following afferent nerve volleys in normal persons and patients with upper motor neurone lesions. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1952 Oct;91(4):219–passim. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Matthews W. B. Ratio of maximum H reflex to maximum M response as a measure of spasticity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1966 Jun;29(3):201–204. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.29.3.201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mayer R. F., Mosser R. S. Excitability of motoneurons in infants. Neurology. 1969 Oct;19(10):932–945. doi: 10.1212/wnl.19.10.932. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. NAKA K. I. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF THE FETAL SPINAL CORD. I. ACTION POTENTIALS OF THE MOTONEURON. J Gen Physiol. 1964 May;47:1003–1022. doi: 10.1085/jgp.47.5.1003. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pompeiano O. The neurophysiological mechanisms of the postrual and motor events during desynchronized sleep. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis. 1967;45:351–423. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Shimizu A., Yamada Y., Yamamoto J., Fujiki A., Kaneko Z. Pathways of descending influence on H reflex during sleep. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1966 Apr;20(4):337–347. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(66)90002-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. TEASDALL R. D., PARK A. M., LANGUTH H. W., MAGLADERY J. W. Electrophysiological studies of reflex activity in patients with lesions of the nervous system. II. Disclosure of normally suppressed monosynaptic reflex discharge of spinal motoneurones by lesions of lower brain-stem and spinal cord. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1952 Oct;91(4):245–256. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. THOMAS J. E., LAMBERT E. H. Ulnar nerve conduction velocity and H-reflex in infants and children. J Appl Physiol. 1960 Jan;15:1–9. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1960.15.1.1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Tardieu C., Lacert P., Lombard M., Truscelli D., Tardieu G. H reflex and recovery cycle in spastic and normal children: intra- and inter-individual and inter-groups comparisons. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1977 Dec;58(12):561–567. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Vecchierini-Blineau M. F., Guiheneuc P. Electrophysiological study of the peripheral nervous system in children. Changes in proximal and distal conduction velocities from birth to age 5 years. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1979 Aug;42(8):753–759. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.42.8.753. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Yanagisawa N., Tanaka R., Ito Z. Reciprocal Ia inhibition in spastic hemiplegia of man. Brain. 1976 Sep;99(3):555–574. doi: 10.1093/brain/99.3.555. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Yap C. B. Spinal segmental and long-loop reflexes on spinal motoneurone excitability in spasticity and rigidity. Brain. 1967 Dec;90(4):887–896. doi: 10.1093/brain/90.4.887. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES