Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry logoLink to Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
. 1977 Oct;40(10):956–966. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.40.10.956

Clinical signs in diffuse cerebral dysfunction.

L R Jenkyn, D B Walsh, C M Culver, A G Reeves
PMCID: PMC492876  PMID: 591973

Abstract

Abnormal responses to 13 questions from a typical mental status examination and 32 signs of neurological dysfunction were correlated with increasing degrees of cognitive impairment as measured by the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery. Thirteen of these factors were found to be useful predictors of diffuse cerebral dysfunction when combined into a brief screening examination for application at the bedside.

Full text

PDF
962

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ANSINK J. Physiologic and clinical investigations into 4 brain stem reflexes. Neurology. 1962 May;12:320–328. doi: 10.1212/wnl.12.5.320. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. AUGUST B., MILLER R. B. Clinical value of the palmomental reflex. J Am Med Assoc. 1952 Jan 12;148(2):120–121. doi: 10.1001/jama.1952.62930020006008e. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Allison R. S. Perseveration as a sign of diffuse and focal brain damage. I. Br Med J. 1966 Oct 29;2(5521):1027–contd. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5521.1027. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BENDER M. B., GREEN M. A., FINK M. Patterns of perceptual organization with simultaneous stimuli. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1954 Aug;72(2):233–255. doi: 10.1001/archneurpsyc.1954.02330020101009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. BERLIN L. Compulsive eye opening and associated phenomena. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1955 Jun;73(6):597–601. doi: 10.1001/archneurpsyc.1955.02330120001001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. BLAKE J. R., Jr, KUNKLE E. C. The palmomental reflex; a physiological and clinical analysis. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1951 Mar;65(3):337–345. doi: 10.1001/archneurpsyc.1951.02320030074008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. BRACHA S. The clinical value of the pollico-mental reflex in neuropathology. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1958 Jul;127(1):91–94. doi: 10.1097/00005053-195807000-00012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. BRAIN R., WILKINSON M. Observations on the extensor plantar reflex and its relationship to the functions of the pyramidal tract. Brain. 1959 Sep;82:297–320. doi: 10.1093/brain/82.3.297. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Ben-Yishay Y., Diller L., Gerstman L., Haas A. The relationship between impersistence, intellectual function and outcome of rehabilitation in patients with left hemiplegia. Neurology. 1968 Sep;18(9):852–861. doi: 10.1212/wnl.18.9.852. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Bender M. B. Diagnostic aids in the mental and aphasic status. J Mt Sinai Hosp N Y. 1966 May-Jun;33(3):208–212. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. CRITCHLEY M. Neurologic changes in the aged. J Chronic Dis. 1956 May;3(5):459–477. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(56)90145-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Dalby M. A. The diagnostic value of the palmo-mental reflex. Acta Neurol Scand. 1970;46(4):601–608. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1970.tb05816.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Drachman D. A., Stahl S. Letter: Extrapyramidal dementia and levodopa. Lancet. 1975 Apr 5;1(7910):809–809. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92479-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. EKBOM K. A., JERNELIUS B., KUGELBERG E. Perioral reflexes. Neurology. 1952 Mar-Apr;2(2):103–111. doi: 10.1212/wnl.2.5-6.103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. FINK M., GREEN M., BENDER M. B. The face-hand test as a diagnostic sign of organic mental syndrome. Neurology. 1952 Jan-Feb;2(1):46–58. doi: 10.1212/wnl.2.1-2.46. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hurwitz L. J. Neurological aspects of old age and capacity. Gerontol Clin (Basel) 1968;10(3):146–156. doi: 10.1159/000245179. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Isaacs B., Akhtar A. J. The set test: a rapid test of mental function in old people. Age Ageing. 1972 Nov;1(4):222–226. doi: 10.1093/ageing/1.4.222. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. JOYNT R. J., BENTON A. L., FOGEL M. L. Behavioral and pathological correlates of motor imperisistence. Neurology. 1962 Dec;12:876–881. doi: 10.1212/wnl.12.12.876. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Jenkyn L. R., Walsh D. B., Walsh B. T., Culver C. M., Reeves A. G. The nuchocephalic reflex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1975 Jun;38(6):561–566. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.38.6.561. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. KAHN R. L., GOLDFARB A. I., POLLACK M., PECK A. Brief objective measures for the determination of mental status in the aged. Am J Psychiatry. 1960 Oct;117:326–328. doi: 10.1176/ajp.117.4.326. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Katzman R. Editorial: The prevalence and malignancy of Alzheimer disease. A major killer. Arch Neurol. 1976 Apr;33(4):217–218. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1976.00500040001001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Klawans H. L., Jr, Goodwin J. A. Reversal of the glabellar reflex in Parkinsonism by L-dopa. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1969 Oct;32(5):423–427. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.32.5.423. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Klawans H. L., Jr, Tufo H. M., Ostfeld A. M., Shekelle R. B., Kilbridge J. A. Neurologic examination in an elderly population. Dis Nerv Syst. 1971 Apr;32(4):274–279. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Leibowitz U., Sharon D., Alter M. Geographical considerations in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 1968 Mar;91(1):37–52. doi: 10.1093/brain/91.1.37. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Little T. M., Masotti R. E. The palmo-mental reflex in normal and mentally retarded subjects. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1974 Feb;16(1):59–63. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1974.tb02712.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Manfredi M., Sacco G., Sideri G. The tonic ambulatory foot response. A clinical and electromyographic study. Brain. 1975 Mar;98(1):167–180. doi: 10.1093/brain/98.1.167. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Marsden C. D., Harrison M. J. Outcome of investigation of patients with presenile dementia. Br Med J. 1972 Apr 29;2(5808):249–252. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5808.249. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. McLAUGHLIN J. J., HAINES W. H. A clinical report on the palm-chin reflex. Dis Nerv Syst. 1953 Dec;14(12):378–380. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Otomo E. The palmomental reflex in the aged. Geriatrics. 1965 Nov;20(11):901–905. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. PLUM F., BROWN H. W., SNOEP E. Neurologic significance of posthyperventilation apnea. JAMA. 1962 Sep 22;181:1050–1055. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Pearce J. Letter: Mental changes in Parkinsonism. Br Med J. 1974 May 25;2(5916):445–445. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5916.445. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Pearce J. The extrapyramidal disorder of Alzheimer's disease. Eur Neurol. 1974;12(2):94–103. doi: 10.1159/000114608. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. RODIN E. A. IMPAIRED OCULAR PURSUIT MOVEMENTS. Arch Neurol. 1964 Mar;10:327–330. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1964.00460150097010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. SZENTAGOTHAI J. The elementary vestibulo-ocular reflex arc. J Neurophysiol. 1950 Nov;13(6):395–407. doi: 10.1152/jn.1950.13.6.395. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Shahani B., Burrows P. T., Whitty C. W. The grasp reflex and perseveration. Brain. 1970;93(1):181–192. doi: 10.1093/brain/93.1.181. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Smith A. The serial sevens subtraction test. Arch Neurol. 1967 Jul;17(1):78–80. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1967.00470250082008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Villeneuve A., Turcotte J., Bouchard M., Côté J. M., Jus A. Release phenomena and iterative activities in psychiatric geriatric patients. Can Med Assoc J. 1974 Jan 19;110(2):147–153. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. WALSHE F. The Babinski plantar response, its forms and its physiological and pathological significance. Brain. 1956 Dec;79(4):529–556. doi: 10.1093/brain/79.4.529. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Wells C. E. The clinical management the patient with dementia. Contemp Neurol Ser. 1971;9:209–232. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES