Skip to main content
The British Journal of Ophthalmology logoLink to The British Journal of Ophthalmology
. 1993 Jun;77(6):371–377. doi: 10.1136/bjo.77.6.371

Ocular involvement in toxoplasmosis.

A Rothova 1
PMCID: PMC504534  PMID: 8318486

Full text

PDF
377

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ACERS T. E. TOXOPLASMIC RETINOCHOROIDITIS: A DOUBLE BLIND THERAPEUTIC STUDY. Arch Ophthalmol. 1964 Jan;71:58–62. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1964.00970010074010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Akstein R. B., Wilson L. A., Teutsch S. M. Acquired toxoplasmosis. Ophthalmology. 1982 Dec;89(12):1299–1302. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(82)34629-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Arffa R. C., Schlaegel T. F., Jr Chorioretinal scars in Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984 Aug;102(8):1153–1155. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1984.01040030931016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Braunstein R. A., Gass J. D. Branch artery obstruction caused by acute toxoplasmosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1980 Mar;98(3):512–513. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020030508015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brézin A. P., Eqwuagu C. E., Silveira C., Thulliez P., Martins M. C., Mahdi R. M., Belfort R., Jr, Nussenblatt R. B. Analysis of aqueous humor in ocular toxoplasmosis. N Engl J Med. 1991 Mar 7;324(10):699–699. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bülow R., Boothroyd J. C. Protection of mice from fatal Toxoplasma gondii infection by immunization with p30 antigen in liposomes. J Immunol. 1991 Nov 15;147(10):3496–3500. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. CANAMUCIO C. J., HALLETT J. W., LEOPOLD I. H. Recurrence of treated toxoplasmic uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1963 May;55:1035–1039. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cochereau-Massin I., LeHoang P., Lautier-Frau M., Zerdoun E., Zazoun L., Robinet M., Marcel P., Girard B., Katlama C., Leport C. Ocular toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992 Aug 15;114(2):130–135. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)73975-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Conyn-van Spaendonck M. A. Prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis; experience in The Netherlands. Int Ophthalmol. 1989 Dec;13(6):403–406. doi: 10.1007/BF02306489. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Couvreur J., Desmonts G., Thulliez P. Prophylaxis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Effects of spiramycin on placental infection. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1988 Jul;22 (Suppl B):193–200. doi: 10.1093/jac/22.supplement_b.193. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. DARRELL R. W., PIEPER S., Jr, KURLAND L. T., JACOBS L. CHORIORETINOPATHY AND TOXOPLASMOSIS, AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY ON A SOUTH PACIFIC ISLAND. Arch Ophthalmol. 1964 Jan;71:63–68. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1964.00970010079011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Daffos F., Forestier F., Capella-Pavlovsky M., Thulliez P., Aufrant C., Valenti D., Cox W. L. Prenatal management of 746 pregnancies at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis. N Engl J Med. 1988 Feb 4;318(5):271–275. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198802043180502. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Decoster A., Darcy F., Caron A., Capron A. IgA antibodies against P30 as markers of congenital and acute toxoplasmosis. Lancet. 1988 Nov 12;2(8620):1104–1107. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90523-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Desmonts G., Couvreur J. Congenital toxoplasmosis. A prospective study of 378 pregnancies. N Engl J Med. 1974 May 16;290(20):1110–1116. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197405162902003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Desmonts G., Daffos F., Forestier F., Capella-Pavlovsky M., Thulliez P., Chartier M. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Lancet. 1985 Mar 2;1(8427):500–504. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92096-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Desmonts G. Definitive serological diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1966 Dec;76(6):839–851. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1966.03850010841012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Dussaix E., Cerqueti P. M., Pontet F., Bloch-Michel E. New approaches to the detection of locally produced antiviral antibodies in the aqueous of patients with endogenous uveitis. Ophthalmologica. 1987;194(2-3):145–149. doi: 10.1159/000309752. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Dutton G. N., McMenamin P. G., Hay J., Cameron S. The ultrastructural pathology of congenital murine toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Part II: The morphology of the inflammatory changes. Exp Eye Res. 1986 Oct;43(4):545–560. doi: 10.1016/s0014-4835(86)80022-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Engstrom R. E., Jr, Holland G. N., Nussenblatt R. B., Jabs D. A. Current practices in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991 May 15;111(5):601–610. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)73706-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Farthing C., Rendel M., Currie B., Seidlin M. Azithromycin for cerebral toxoplasmosis. Lancet. 1992 Feb 15;339(8790):437–438. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90132-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ferguson J. G., Jr Clindamycin therapy for toxoplasmosis. Ann Ophthalmol. 1981 Jan;13(1):95–100. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Foulon W., Naessens A., Lauwers S., De Meuter F., Amy J. J. Impact of primary prevention on the incidence of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1988 Sep;72(3 Pt 1):363–366. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Friedmann C. T., Knox D. L. Variations in recurrent active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1969 Apr;81(4):481–493. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1969.00990010483005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ghartey K. N., Brockhurst R. J. Photocoagulation of active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980 Jun;89(6):858–864. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(80)90180-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Glasner P. D., Silveira C., Kruszon-Moran D., Martins M. C., Burnier Júnior M., Silveira S., Camargo M. E., Nussenblatt R. B., Kaslow R. A., Belfort Júnior R. An unusually high prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis in southern Brazil. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992 Aug 15;114(2):136–144. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)73976-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Guldsten H. Clindamycin and sulphonamides in the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1983 Feb;61(1):51–57. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1983.tb01394.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Hall S. M. Congenital toxoplasmosis in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: some epidemiological problems. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983 Aug 13;287(6390):453–455. doi: 10.1136/bmj.287.6390.453. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Harper J. S., 3rd, London W. T., Sever J. L. Five drug regimens for treatment of acute toxoplasmosis in squirrel monkeys. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1985 Jan;34(1):50–57. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.50. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Harpey J. P., Darbois Y., Lefèbvre G. Teratogenicity of pyrimethamine. Lancet. 1983 Aug 13;2(8346):399–399. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90366-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Hausmann N., Richard G. Acquired ocular toxoplasmosis. A fluorescein angiography study. Ophthalmology. 1991 Nov;98(11):1647–1651. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32073-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Holland G. N., Engstrom R. E., Jr, Glasgow B. J., Berger B. B., Daniels S. A., Sidikaro Y., Harmon J. A., Fischer D. H., Boyer D. S., Rao N. A. Ocular toxoplasmosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988 Dec 15;106(6):653–667. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90697-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Huskinson-Mark J., Araujo F. G., Remington J. S. Evaluation of the effect of drugs on the cyst form of Toxoplasma gondii. J Infect Dis. 1991 Jul;164(1):170–171. doi: 10.1093/infdis/164.1.170. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Jacobson M. A., Besch C. L., Child C., Hafner R., Matts J. P., Muth K., Wentworth D. N., Deyton L. Toxicity of clindamycin as prophylaxis for AIDS-associated toxoplasmic encephalitis. Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. Lancet. 1992 Feb 8;339(8789):333–334. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91649-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Jeannel D., Costagliola D., Niel G., Hubert B., Danis M. What is known about the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis? Lancet. 1990 Aug 11;336(8711):359–361. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91890-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. KAUFMAN H. E. Laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Surv Ophthalmol. 1961 Dec;6:877–897. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Khan I. A., Ely K. H., Kasper L. H. A purified parasite antigen (p30) mediates CD8+ T cell immunity against fatal Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. J Immunol. 1991 Nov 15;147(10):3501–3506. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Kijlstra A., Hoekzema R., vd Lelij A., Doekes G., Rothova A. Humoral and cellular immune reactions against retinal antigens in clinical disease. Curr Eye Res. 1990;9 (Suppl):85–89. doi: 10.3109/02713689008999425. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Kijlstra A., Luyendijk L., Baarsma G. S., Rothova A., Schweitzer C. M., Timmerman Z., de Vries J., Breebaart A. C. Aqueous humor analysis as a diagnostic tool in toxoplasma uveitis. Int Ophthalmol. 1989 Dec;13(6):383–386. doi: 10.1007/BF02306485. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. LANGER H. Repeated congenital infection with toxoplasma gondii. Obstet Gynecol. 1963 Mar;21:318–329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. La Heij E., Rothova A. Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis in congenital ocular toxoplasmosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1991 Jun;75(6):372–373. doi: 10.1136/bjo.75.6.372. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Lakhanpal V., Schocket S. S., Nirankari V. S. Clindamycin in the treatment of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983 May;95(5):605–613. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(83)90378-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. McCabe R., Remington J. S. Toxoplasmosis: the time has come. N Engl J Med. 1988 Feb 4;318(5):313–315. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198802043180509. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Michelson J. B., Shields J. A., McDonald P. R., Manko M. A., Abraham A. A., Federman J. L. Retinitis secondary to acquired systemic toxoplasmosis with isolation of the parasite. Am J Ophthalmol. 1978 Oct;86(4):548–552. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(78)90305-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Nicholson D. H., Wolchok E. B. Ocular toxoplasmosis in an adult receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1976 Feb;94(2):248–254. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1976.03910030120009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Norrby R., Eilard T., Svedhem A., Lycke E. Treatment of toxoplasmosis with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Scand J Infect Dis. 1975;7(1):72–75. doi: 10.3109/inf.1975.7.issue-1.13. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Nozik R. A., O'Connor G. R. Studies on experimental ocular toxoplasmosis in the rabbit. I. The effect of antigenic stimulation. Arch Ophthalmol. 1970 Jun;83(6):724–728. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990030724010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Nussenblatt R. B., Mittal K. K., Fuhrman S., Sharma S. D., Palestine A. G. Lymphocyte proliferative responses of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis to parasite and retinal antigens. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989 Jun 15;107(6):632–641. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(89)90260-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Oniki S. Prognosis of pregnancy in patients with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1983;27(1):166–174. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Pavia C. S. Protection against experimental toxoplasmosis by adoptive immunotherapy. J Immunol. 1986 Nov 1;137(9):2985–2990. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Perkins E. S. Ocular toxoplasmosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1973 Jan;57(1):1–17. doi: 10.1136/bjo.57.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Rehder J. R., Burnier M. B., Jr, Pavesio C. E., Kim M. K., Rigueiro M., Petrilli A. M., Belfort R., Jr Acute unilateral toxoplasmic iridocyclitis in an AIDS patient. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988 Dec 15;106(6):740–741. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90712-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Rothova A., van Knapen F., Baarsma G. S., Kruit P. J., Loewer-Sieger D. H., Kijlstra A. Serology in ocular toxoplasmosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1986 Aug;70(8):615–622. doi: 10.1136/bjo.70.8.615. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Ruskin J., Remington J. S. Toxoplasmosis in the compromised host. Ann Intern Med. 1976 Feb;84(2):193–199. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-84-2-193. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Sabates R., Pruett R. C., Brockhurst R. J. Fulminant ocular toxoplasmosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981 Oct;92(4):497–503. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(81)90642-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Schwab I. R. The epidemiologic association of Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis and ocular toxoplasmosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991 Mar 15;111(3):356–362. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72322-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Sever J. L., Ellenberg J. H., Ley A. C., Madden D. L., Fuccillo D. A., Tzan N. R., Edmonds D. M. Toxoplasmosis: maternal and pediatric findings in 23,000 pregnancies. Pediatrics. 1988 Aug;82(2):181–192. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Sibley L. D., Boothroyd J. C. Virulent strains of Toxoplasma gondii comprise a single clonal lineage. Nature. 1992 Sep 3;359(6390):82–85. doi: 10.1038/359082a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Silveira C., Belfort R., Jr, Burnier M., Jr, Nussenblatt R. Acquired toxoplasmic infection as the cause of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in families. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988 Sep 15;106(3):362–364. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90382-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Spalter H. F., Campbell C. J., Noyori K. S., Rittler M. C., Koester C. J. Prophylactic photocoagulation of recurrent toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. A preliminary report. Arch Ophthalmol. 1966 Jan;75(1):21–31. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1966.00970050023006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Stagno S., Dykes A. C., Amos C. S., Head R. A., Juranek D. D., Walls K. An outbreak of toxoplasmosis linked to cats. Pediatrics. 1980 Apr;65(4):706–712. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Tabbara K. F., O'Connor G. R. Treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis with clindamycin and sulfadiazine. Ophthalmology. 1980 Feb;87(2):129–134. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35268-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Tate G. W., Jr, Martin R. G. Clindamycin in the treatment of human ocular toxoplasmosis. Can J Ophthalmol. 1977 Jul;12(3):188–195. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Thiermann E., Apt W., Atias A., Lorca M., Olguín J. A comparative study of some combined treatment regimens in acute toxoplasmosis in mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1978 Jul;27(4):747–750. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1978.27.747. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Toledo de Abreu M., Belfort R., Jr, Hirata P. S. Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis and ocular toxoplasmosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982 Jun;93(6):739–744. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(82)90470-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. WILDER H. C. Toxoplasma chorioretinitis in adults. AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1952 Aug;48(2):127–136. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1952.00920010132001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Weiss M. J., Velazquez N., Hofeldt A. J. Serologic tests in the diagnosis of presumed toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1990 Apr 15;109(4):407–411. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)74606-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Williams K. A., Scott J. M., Macfarlane D. E., Williamson J. M., Elias-Jones T. F., Williams H. Congenital toxoplasmosis: a prospective survey in the West of Scotland. J Infect. 1981 Sep;3(3):219–229. doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(81)90773-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Williams M., Savage D. C. Acquired toxoplasmosis in children. Arch Dis Child. 1978 Oct;53(10):829–829. doi: 10.1136/adc.53.10.829. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Wilson C. B., Remington J. S., Stagno S., Reynolds D. W. Development of adverse sequelae in children born with subclinical congenital Toxoplasma infection. Pediatrics. 1980 Nov;66(5):767–774. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Wolf A., Cowen D., Paige B. H. Toxoplasmic encephalomyelitis: III. A new case of granulomatous encephalomyelitis due to a protozoon. Am J Pathol. 1939 Nov;15(6):657–694.11. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Wolf A., Cowen D., Paige B. HUMAN TOXOPLASMOSIS: OCCURRENCE IN INFANTS AS AN ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VERIFICATION BY TRANSMISSION TO ANIMALS. Science. 1939 Mar 10;89(2306):226–227. doi: 10.1126/science.89.2306.226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. de Jong P. T. Ocular toxoplasmosis; common and rare symptoms and signs. Int Ophthalmol. 1989 Dec;13(6):391–397. doi: 10.1007/BF02306487. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. van der Veen J., Polak M. F. Prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies according to age with comments on the risk of prenatal infection. J Hyg (Lond) 1980 Oct;85(2):165–174. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400063191. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The British Journal of Ophthalmology are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES