Skip to main content
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1994 Jun 25;22(12):2399–2403. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.12.2399

The 'endo-blue method' for direct cloning of restriction endonuclease genes in E. coli.

A Fomenkov 1, J P Xiao 1, D Dila 1, E Raleigh 1, S Y Xu 1
PMCID: PMC523701  PMID: 8036170

Abstract

A new E. coli strain has been constructed that contains the dinD1::LacZ+ fusion and is deficient in methylation-dependent restriction systems (McrA-, McrBC-, Mrr-). This strain has been used to clone restriction endonuclease genes directly into E. coli. When E. coli cells are not fully protected by the cognate methylase, the restriction enzyme damages the DNA in vivo and induces the SOS response. The SOS-induced cells form blue colonies on indicator plates containing X-gal. Using this method the genes coding for the thermostable restriction enzymes Taql (5'TCGA3') and Tth111l (5'GACNNNGTC3') have been successfully cloned in E. coli. The new strain will be useful to clone other genes involved in DNA metabolism.

Full text

PDF
2401

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Birnboim H. C., Doly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513–1523. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.6.1513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bolivar F., Rodriguez R. L., Greene P. J., Betlach M. C., Heyneker H. L., Boyer H. W., Crosa J. H., Falkow S. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system. Gene. 1977;2(2):95–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Heitman J., Model P. Mutants of the EcoRI endonuclease with promiscuous substrate specificity implicate residues involved in substrate recognition. EMBO J. 1990 Oct;9(10):3369–3378. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07538.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Heitman J., Model P. SOS induction as an in vivo assay of enzyme-DNA interactions. Gene. 1991 Jul 15;103(1):1–9. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90383-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Heitman J., Model P. Site-specific methylases induce the SOS DNA repair response in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1987 Jul;169(7):3243–3250. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.7.3243-3250.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Heitman J., Model P. Substrate recognition by the EcoRI endonuclease. Proteins. 1990;7(2):185–197. doi: 10.1002/prot.340070207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Heitman J. On the origins, structures and functions of restriction-modification enzymes. Genet Eng (N Y) 1993;15:57–108. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1666-2_4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Heitman J., Zinder N. D., Model P. Repair of the Escherichia coli chromosome after in vivo scission by the EcoRI endonuclease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Apr;86(7):2281–2285. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.7.2281. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kelleher J. E., Raleigh E. A. A novel activity in Escherichia coli K-12 that directs restriction of DNA modified at CG dinucleotides. J Bacteriol. 1991 Aug;173(16):5220–5223. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.16.5220-5223.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kenyon C. J., Walker G. C. DNA-damaging agents stimulate gene expression at specific loci in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 May;77(5):2819–2823. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.5.2819. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kiss A., Posfai G., Keller C. C., Venetianer P., Roberts R. J. Nucleotide sequence of the BsuRI restriction-modification system. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Sep 25;13(18):6403–6421. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.18.6403. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Mann M. B., Rao R. N., Smith H. O. Cloning of restriction and modification genes in E. coli: the HbaII system from Haemophilus haemolyticus. Gene. 1978 Apr;3(2):97–112. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(78)90054-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Panayotatos N., Fontaine A. An endonuclease specific for single-stranded DNA selectively damages the genomic DNA and induces the SOS response. J Biol Chem. 1985 Mar 10;260(5):3173–3177. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Piekarowicz A., Yuan R., Stein D. C. A new method for the rapid identification of genes encoding restriction and modification enzymes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Apr 25;19(8):1831–1835. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.8.1831. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Piekarowicz A., Yuan R., Stein D. C. Isolation of temperature-sensitive McrA and McrB mutations and complementation analysis of the McrBC region of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1991 Jan;173(1):150–155. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.1.150-155.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Raleigh E. A. Organization and function of the mcrBC genes of Escherichia coli K-12. Mol Microbiol. 1992 May;6(9):1079–1086. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01546.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Raleigh E. A. Restriction and modification in vivo by Escherichia coli K12. Methods Enzymol. 1987;152:130–141. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)52015-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Raleigh E. A., Wilson G. Escherichia coli K-12 restricts DNA containing 5-methylcytosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(23):9070–9074. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.23.9070. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Roberts D., Kleckner N. Tn10 transposition promotes RecA-dependent induction of a lambda prophage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Aug;85(16):6037–6041. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.16.6037. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sutherland E., Coe L., Raleigh E. A. McrBC: a multisubunit GTP-dependent restriction endonuclease. J Mol Biol. 1992 May 20;225(2):327–348. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(92)90925-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Szomolányi E., Kiss A., Venetianer P. Cloning the modification methylase gene of Bacillus sphaericus R in Escherichia coli. Gene. 1980 Aug;10(3):219–225. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(80)90051-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Waite-Rees P. A., Keating C. J., Moran L. S., Slatko B. E., Hornstra L. J., Benner J. S. Characterization and expression of the Escherichia coli Mrr restriction system. J Bacteriol. 1991 Aug;173(16):5207–5219. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.16.5207-5219.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Walder R. Y., Hartley J. L., Donelson J. E., Walder J. A. Cloning and expression of the Pst I restriction-modification system in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Mar;78(3):1503–1507. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.3.1503. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Walker G. C. Inducible DNA repair systems. Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:425–457. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.002233. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Wilson G. G. Cloned restriction-modification systems--a review. Gene. 1988 Dec 25;74(1):281–289. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90304-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Wilson G. G. Organization of restriction-modification systems. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 May 25;19(10):2539–2566. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.10.2539. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Xu S. Y., Schildkraut I. Cofactor requirements of BamHI mutant endonuclease E77K and its suppressor mutants. J Bacteriol. 1991 Aug;173(16):5030–5035. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.16.5030-5035.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES