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. 1992 May 1;89(9):4178–4182. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.9.4178

Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins are components of a nuclear matrix-attachment site.

S I Dworetzky 1, K L Wright 1, E G Fey 1, S Penman 1, J B Lian 1, J L Stein 1, G S Stein 1
PMCID: PMC525656  PMID: 1570345

Abstract

We have identified a nuclear matrix-attachment region within an upstream element of a human H4 histone gene promoter. Nuclear matrix proteins, isolated and solubilized from HeLa S3 cells, were found to interact with sequence specificity at this matrix-attachment region. Several types of assays for protein-DNA interaction showed that the minimal sequence for the nuclear matrix protein-DNA interaction was 5'-TGACGTCCATG-3'; the underlined region corresponds to the core consensus sequence for ATF transcription factor binding. Two proteins with molecular masses of 43 and 54 kDa were identified by UV-crosslinking analysis as integral components of this protein-DNA complex. The molecular masses of these proteins and the ATF-binding site consensus sequence suggest that these proteins are members of the ATF family. Our results provide direct evidence for nuclear matrix localization of sequence-specific DNA-binding factors for an actively transcribed gene. The proximity of a strong positive transcriptional regulatory element to the matrix-attachment region of this gene suggests that the nuclear matrix may serve to localize and concentrate trans-acting factors that facilitate regulation of gene expression.

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