Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1990 Apr;87(8):3195–3199. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.8.3195

Immunocytochemical localization of the alpha subspecies of protein kinase C in rat brain.

A Ito 1, N Saito 1, M Hirata 1, A Kose 1, T Tsujino 1, C Yoshihara 1, K Ogita 1, A Kishimoto 1, Y Nishizuka 1, C Tanaka 1
PMCID: PMC53862  PMID: 1691503

Abstract

The distribution of the alpha subspecies of protein kinase C (PKC) in rat brain was demonstrated immunocytochemically by using polyclonal antibodies raised against a synthetic oligopeptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal sequence of alpha-PKC. The alpha-PKC-specific immunoreactivity was widely but discretely distributed in both gray and white matter. The immunoreactivity was associated predominantly with neurons, particularly with perikaryon, dendrite, or axon, but little was seen in the nucleus. Glial cells expressed this PKC subspecies poorly, if at all. The highest density of immunoreactivity was seen in the olfactory bulb, septohippocampal nucleus, indusium griseum, islands of Calleja, intermediate part of the lateral septal nucleus, and Ammon's horn. A moderately high density of the immunoreactivity was seen in the anterior olfactory nucleus, anterior commissure, cingulate cortex, dentate gyrus, compact part of the substantia nigra, interpeduncular nucleus, inferior olive, and olivocerebellar tract. This distribution pattern was consistent with that obtained by in situ hybridization histochemistry. The distribution of alpha-PKC immunoreactivity was different from that of beta I-, beta II-, and gamma-PKC immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that alpha-PKC is involved heavily in the control of specific functions of some restricted neurons.

Full text

PDF
3198

Images in this article

3196Image
on p.3196
3196Image
on p.3196
3197Image
on p.3197
3198Image
on p.3198
3198Image
on p.3198
3198Image
on p.3198

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ase K., Berry N., Kikkawa U., Kishimoto A., Nishizuka Y. Differential down-regulation of protein kinase C subspecies in KM3 cells. FEBS Lett. 1988 Aug 29;236(2):396–400. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80064-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brandt S. J., Niedel J. E., Bell R. M., Young W. S., 3rd Distinct patterns of expression of different protein kinase C mRNAs in rat tissues. Cell. 1987 Apr 10;49(1):57–63. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90755-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Coussens L., Parker P. J., Rhee L., Yang-Feng T. L., Chen E., Waterfield M. D., Francke U., Ullrich A. Multiple, distinct forms of bovine and human protein kinase C suggest diversity in cellular signaling pathways. Science. 1986 Aug 22;233(4766):859–866. doi: 10.1126/science.3755548. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Frantz B., Chakrabarty A. M. Organization and nucleotide sequence determination of a gene cluster involved in 3-chlorocatechol degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(13):4460–4464. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.13.4460. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Girard P. R., Mazzei G. J., Wood J. G., Kuo J. F. Polyclonal antibodies to phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and immunocytochemical localization of the enzyme in rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(9):3030–3034. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.9.3030. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hidaka H., Tanaka T., Onoda K., Hagiwara M., Watanabe M., Ohta H., Ito Y., Tsurudome M., Yoshida T. Cell type-specific expression of protein kinase C isozymes in the rabbit cerebellum. J Biol Chem. 1988 Apr 5;263(10):4523–4526. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hosoda K., Saito N., Kose A., Ito A., Tsujino T., Ogita K., Kikkawa U., Ono Y., Igarashi K., Nishizuka Y. Immunocytochemical localization of the beta I subspecies of protein kinase C in rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Feb;86(4):1393–1397. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.4.1393. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hu G. Y., Hvalby O., Walaas S. I., Albert K. A., Skjeflo P., Andersen P., Greengard P. Protein kinase C injection into hippocampal pyramidal cells elicits features of long term potentiation. 1987 Jul 30-Aug 5Nature. 328(6129):426–429. doi: 10.1038/328426a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Huang F. L., Yoshida Y., Nakabayashi H., Young W. S., 3rd, Huang K. P. Immunocytochemical localization of protein kinase C isozymes in rat brain. J Neurosci. 1988 Dec;8(12):4734–4744. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-12-04734.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Huang K. P., Huang F. L., Nakabayashi H., Yoshida Y. Biochemical characterization of rat brain protein kinase C isozymes. J Biol Chem. 1988 Oct 15;263(29):14839–14845. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Huang K. P., Nakabayashi H., Huang F. L. Isozymic forms of rat brain Ca2+-activated and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(22):8535–8539. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.22.8535. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Jaken S., Kiley S. C. Purification and characterization of three types of protein kinase C from rabbit brain cytosol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(13):4418–4422. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.13.4418. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kikkawa U., Ono Y., Ogita K., Fujii T., Asaoka Y., Sekiguchi K., Kosaka Y., Igarashi K., Nishizuka Y. Identification of the structures of multiple subspecies of protein kinase C expressed in rat brain. FEBS Lett. 1987 Jun 15;217(2):227–231. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80668-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kitano T., Hashimoto T., Kikkawa U., Ase K., Saito N., Tanaka C., Ichimori Y., Tsukamoto K., Nishizuka Y. Monoclonal antibodies against rat brain protein kinase C and their application to immunocytochemistry in nervous tissues. J Neurosci. 1987 May;7(5):1520–1525. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-05-01520.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Knopf J. L., Lee M. H., Sultzman L. A., Kriz R. W., Loomis C. R., Hewick R. M., Bell R. M. Cloning and expression of multiple protein kinase C cDNAs. Cell. 1986 Aug 15;46(4):491–502. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90874-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kosaka Y., Ogita K., Ase K., Nomura H., Kikkawa U., Nishizuka Y. The heterogeneity of protein kinase C in various rat tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Mar 30;151(3):973–981. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80461-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kose A., Saito N., Ito H., Kikkawa U., Nishizuka Y., Tanaka C. Electron microscopic localization of type I protein kinase C in rat Purkinje cells. J Neurosci. 1988 Nov;8(11):4262–4268. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-11-04262.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Malenka R. C., Kauer J. A., Perkel D. J., Mauk M. D., Kelly P. T., Nicoll R. A., Waxham M. N. An essential role for postsynaptic calmodulin and protein kinase activity in long-term potentiation. Nature. 1989 Aug 17;340(6234):554–557. doi: 10.1038/340554a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Malinow R., Schulman H., Tsien R. W. Inhibition of postsynaptic PKC or CaMKII blocks induction but not expression of LTP. Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):862–866. doi: 10.1126/science.2549638. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Nishizuka Y. The molecular heterogeneity of protein kinase C and its implications for cellular regulation. Nature. 1988 Aug 25;334(6184):661–665. doi: 10.1038/334661a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Ohno S., Kawasaki H., Imajoh S., Suzuki K., Inagaki M., Yokokura H., Sakoh T., Hidaka H. Tissue-specific expression of three distinct types of rabbit protein kinase C. Nature. 1987 Jan 8;325(7000):161–166. doi: 10.1038/325161a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Olmsted J. B. Affinity purification of antibodies from diazotized paper blots of heterogeneous protein samples. J Biol Chem. 1981 Dec 10;256(23):11955–11957. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ono Y., Fujii T., Igarashi K., Kikkawa U., Ogita K., Nishizuka Y. Nucleotide sequences of cDNAs for alpha and gamma subspecies of rat brain protein kinase C. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Jun 10;16(11):5199–5200. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.11.5199. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Ono Y., Kikkawa U., Ogita K., Fujii T., Kurokawa T., Asaoka Y., Sekiguchi K., Ase K., Igarashi K., Nishizuka Y. Expression and properties of two types of protein kinase C: alternative splicing from a single gene. Science. 1987 May 29;236(4805):1116–1120. doi: 10.1126/science.3576226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Saito N., Kikkawa U., Nishizuka Y., Tanaka C. Distribution of protein kinase C-like immunoreactive neurons in rat brain. J Neurosci. 1988 Feb;8(2):369–382. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-02-00369.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Saito N., Kose A., Ito A., Hosoda K., Mori M., Hirata M., Ogita K., Kikkawa U., Ono Y., Igarashi K. Immunocytochemical localization of beta II subspecies of protein kinase C in rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 May;86(9):3409–3413. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.9.3409. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Shearman M. S., Naor Z., Sekiguchi K., Kishimoto A., Nishizuka Y. Selective activation of the gamma-subspecies of protein kinase C from bovine cerebellum by arachidonic acid and its lipoxygenase metabolites. FEBS Lett. 1989 Jan 30;243(2):177–182. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80125-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Stichel C. C., Singer W. Localization of isoenzymes II/III of protein kinase C in the rat visual cortex (area 17), hippocampus and dentate gyrus. Exp Brain Res. 1988;72(3):443–449. doi: 10.1007/BF00250589. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Wiklund L., Toggenburger G., Cuénod M. Aspartate: possible neurotransmitter in cerebellar climbing fibers. Science. 1982 Apr 2;216(4541):78–80. doi: 10.1126/science.6121375. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Yoshida Y., Huang F. L., Nakabayashi H., Huang K. P. Tissue distribution and developmental expression of protein kinase C isozymes. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jul 15;263(20):9868–9873. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES