Skip to main content
PMC home page
The EMBO Journal logoLink to The EMBO Journal
. 1987 Jul;6(7):1891–1897. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02448.x

Structure and expression of human thrombomodulin, a thrombin receptor on endothelium acting as a cofactor for protein C activation.

K Suzuki 1, H Kusumoto 1, Y Deyashiki 1, J Nishioka 1, I Maruyama 1, M Zushi 1, S Kawahara 1, G Honda 1, S Yamamoto 1, S Horiguchi 1
PMCID: PMC553573  PMID: 2820710

Abstract

We have deduced the entire 575-amino acid sequence of the human thrombomodulin precursor from cDNA clones. The precursor starts with an 18-residue signal peptide domain, followed by the NH2-terminal domain, a domain with six epidermal growth factor-like structures, an O-glycosylation site-rich domain, a 24-residue transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. Simian COS cells transfected with the expression vector pSV2 containing thrombomodulin cDNA synthesized immunoreactive and functionally active thrombomodulin.

Full text

PDF
1897

Images in this article

1892Fig. 1.
on p.1892
1895Fig. 7.
on p.1895

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Basu S. K., Goldstein J. L., Anderson R. G., Brown M. S. Monensin interrupts the recycling of low density lipoprotein receptors in human fibroblasts. Cell. 1981 May;24(2):493–502. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90340-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Blobel G., Dobberstein B. Transfer of proteins across membranes. I. Presence of proteolytically processed and unprocessed nascent immunoglobulin light chains on membrane-bound ribosomes of murine myeloma. J Cell Biol. 1975 Dec;67(3):835–851. doi: 10.1083/jcb.67.3.835. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bourin M. C., Boffa M. C., Björk I., Lindahl U. Functional domains of rabbit thrombomodulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Aug;83(16):5924–5928. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.16.5924. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Carpenter G., Cohen S. 125I-labeled human epidermal growth factor. Binding, internalization, and degradation in human fibroblasts. J Cell Biol. 1976 Oct;71(1):159–171. doi: 10.1083/jcb.71.1.159. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cool D. E., Edgell C. J., Louie G. V., Zoller M. J., Brayer G. D., MacGillivray R. T. Characterization of human blood coagulation factor XII cDNA. Prediction of the primary structure of factor XII and the tertiary structure of beta-factor XIIa. J Biol Chem. 1985 Nov 5;260(25):13666–13676. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dayhoff M. O., Barker W. C., Hunt L. T. Establishing homologies in protein sequences. Methods Enzymol. 1983;91:524–545. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(83)91049-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Esmon C. T., Esmon N. L., Harris K. W. Complex formation between thrombin and thrombomodulin inhibits both thrombin-catalyzed fibrin formation and factor V activation. J Biol Chem. 1982 Jul 25;257(14):7944–7947. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Esmon N. L., Carroll R. C., Esmon C. T. Thrombomodulin blocks the ability of thrombin to activate platelets. J Biol Chem. 1983 Oct 25;258(20):12238–12242. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Esmon N. L., Owen W. G., Esmon C. T. Isolation of a membrane-bound cofactor for thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C. J Biol Chem. 1982 Jan 25;257(2):859–864. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Goldstein J. L., Anderson R. G., Brown M. S. Coated pits, coated vesicles, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Nature. 1979 Jun 21;279(5715):679–685. doi: 10.1038/279679a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gray A., Dull T. J., Ullrich A. Nucleotide sequence of epidermal growth factor cDNA predicts a 128,000-molecular weight protein precursor. Nature. 1983 Jun 23;303(5919):722–725. doi: 10.1038/303722a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hagen F. S., Gray C. L., O'Hara P., Grant F. J., Saari G. C., Woodbury R. G., Hart C. E., Insley M., Kisiel W., Kurachi K. Characterization of a cDNA coding for human factor VII. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr;83(8):2412–2416. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.8.2412. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hewick R. M., Hunkapiller M. W., Hood L. E., Dreyer W. J. A gas-liquid solid phase peptide and protein sequenator. J Biol Chem. 1981 Aug 10;256(15):7990–7997. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Højrup P., Jensen M. S., Petersen T. E. Amino acid sequence of bovine protein Z: a vitamin K-dependent serine protease homolog. FEBS Lett. 1985 May 20;184(2):333–338. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80633-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Ishii H., Majerus P. W. Thrombomodulin is present in human plasma and urine. J Clin Invest. 1985 Dec;76(6):2178–2181. doi: 10.1172/JCI112225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Jackman R. W., Beeler D. L., VanDeWater L., Rosenberg R. D. Characterization of a thrombomodulin cDNA reveals structural similarity to the low density lipoprotein receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(23):8834–8838. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.23.8834. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kozak M. Possible role of flanking nucleotides in recognition of the AUG initiator codon by eukaryotic ribosomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Oct 24;9(20):5233–5252. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.20.5233. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lehrach H., Diamond D., Wozney J. M., Boedtker H. RNA molecular weight determinations by gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, a critical reexamination. Biochemistry. 1977 Oct 18;16(21):4743–4751. doi: 10.1021/bi00640a033. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Leytus S. P., Kurachi K., Sakariassen K. S., Davie E. W. Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA coding for human complement C1r. Biochemistry. 1986 Aug 26;25(17):4855–4863. doi: 10.1021/bi00365a020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lundwall A., Dackowski W., Cohen E., Shaffer M., Mahr A., Dahlbäck B., Stenflo J., Wydro R. Isolation and sequence of the cDNA for human protein S, a regulator of blood coagulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(18):6716–6720. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.18.6716. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Mano Y., Sawasaki Y., Takahashi K., Goto T. Cultivation of arterial endothelial cells from human umbilical cord. Experientia. 1983 Oct 15;39(10):1144–1146. doi: 10.1007/BF01943152. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Marlar R. A., Kleiss A. J., Griffin J. H. Mechanism of action of human activated protein C, a thrombin-dependent anticoagulant enzyme. Blood. 1982 May;59(5):1067–1072. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Maruyama I., Bell C. E., Majerus P. W. Thrombomodulin is found on endothelium of arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatics, and on syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta. J Cell Biol. 1985 Aug;101(2):363–371. doi: 10.1083/jcb.101.2.363. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Maruyama I., Majerus P. W. The turnover of thrombin-thrombomodulin complex in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and A549 lung cancer cells. Endocytosis and degradation of thrombin. J Biol Chem. 1985 Dec 15;260(29):15432–15438. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Mizusawa S., Nishimura S., Seela F. Improvement of the dideoxy chain termination method of DNA sequencing by use of deoxy-7-deazaguanosine triphosphate in place of dGTP. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Feb 11;14(3):1319–1324. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.3.1319. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Mulligan R. C., Berg P. Selection for animal cells that express the Escherichia coli gene coding for xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Apr;78(4):2072–2076. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.4.2072. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Oakley B. R., Kirsch D. R., Morris N. R. A simplified ultrasensitive silver stain for detecting proteins in polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem. 1980 Jul 1;105(2):361–363. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90470-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Ohtsuka E., Matsuki S., Ikehara M., Takahashi Y., Matsubara K. An alternative approach to deoxyoligonucleotides as hybridization probes by insertion of deoxyinosine at ambiguous codon positions. J Biol Chem. 1985 Mar 10;260(5):2605–2608. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Potter H., Weir L., Leder P. Enhancer-dependent expression of human kappa immunoglobulin genes introduced into mouse pre-B lymphocytes by electroporation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):7161–7165. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.22.7161. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Ragg H. A new member of the plasma protease inhibitor gene family. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Jan 24;14(2):1073–1088. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.2.1073. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Russell D. W., Schneider W. J., Yamamoto T., Luskey K. L., Brown M. S., Goldstein J. L. Domain map of the LDL receptor: sequence homology with the epidermal growth factor precursor. Cell. 1984 Jun;37(2):577–585. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90388-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Salem H. H., Maruyama I., Ishii H., Majerus P. W. Isolation and characterization of thrombomodulin from human placenta. J Biol Chem. 1984 Oct 10;259(19):12246–12251. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Sutcliffe J. G. Complete nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1979;43(Pt 1):77–90. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1979.043.01.013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Suzuki K., Kusumoto H., Hashimoto S. Isolation and characterization of thrombomodulin from bovine lung. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 Jul 16;882(3):343–352. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(86)90257-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Suzuki K., Stenflo J., Dahlbäck B., Teodorsson B. Inactivation of human coagulation factor V by activated protein C. J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 10;258(3):1914–1920. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Tarentino A. L., Gómez C. M., Plummer T. H., Jr Deglycosylation of asparagine-linked glycans by peptide:N-glycosidase F. Biochemistry. 1985 Aug 13;24(17):4665–4671. doi: 10.1021/bi00338a028. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Thompson E. A., Salem H. H. Inhibition by human thrombomodulin of factor Xa-mediated cleavage of prothrombin. J Clin Invest. 1986 Jul;78(1):13–17. doi: 10.1172/JCI112541. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Ullrich A., Bell J. R., Chen E. Y., Herrera R., Petruzzelli L. M., Dull T. J., Gray A., Coussens L., Liao Y. C., Tsubokawa M. Human insulin receptor and its relationship to the tyrosine kinase family of oncogenes. 1985 Feb 28-Mar 6Nature. 313(6005):756–761. doi: 10.1038/313756a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Ullrich A., Coussens L., Hayflick J. S., Dull T. J., Gray A., Tam A. W., Lee J., Yarden Y., Libermann T. A., Schlessinger J. Human epidermal growth factor receptor cDNA sequence and aberrant expression of the amplified gene in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. 1984 May 31-Jun 6Nature. 309(5967):418–425. doi: 10.1038/309418a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Umemoto J., Bhavanandan V. P., Davidson E. A. Purification and properties of an endo-alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase from Diplococcus pneumoniae. J Biol Chem. 1977 Dec 10;252(23):8609–8614. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Yamamoto T., Davis C. G., Brown M. S., Schneider W. J., Casey M. L., Goldstein J. L., Russell D. W. The human LDL receptor: a cysteine-rich protein with multiple Alu sequences in its mRNA. Cell. 1984 Nov;39(1):27–38. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90188-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Yanofsky C. Attenuation in the control of expression of bacterial operons. Nature. 1981 Feb 26;289(5800):751–758. doi: 10.1038/289751a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Young R. A., Davis R. W. Efficient isolation of genes by using antibody probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Mar;80(5):1194–1198. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.5.1194. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The EMBO Journal are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES