Skip to main content
PMC home page
The EMBO Journal logoLink to The EMBO Journal
. 1983;2(12):2095–2101. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01708.x

T-antigen expression by polyoma mutants with modified RNA splicing.

S V Nilsson, G Magnusson
PMCID: PMC555419  PMID: 6321148

Abstract

Polyoma virus mutants were constructed that could not express all the three T-antigens. The mutagenesis was directed to the two 5' splice sites utilized in the maturation of early RNA. The mutant bc1051 had a base change at the splice site of large T-antigen mRNA, and the mutants dl1061 and dl1062 had deletions at the corresponding splice point of small and middle T-antigen mRNA. The site was removed in mutant dl1061 and altered by fusion to upstream sequences in mutant dl1062. Analysis of viral RNA showed that dl1061 and dl1062 formed only large T-antigen mRNA, whereas bc1051 did not produce this RNA-species. However, the biological properties of dl1062 suggested that it also produced mRNA directing the synthesis of a small T-antigen-related polypeptide, at least in low amounts. Only mutant bc1051 could induce transformation of rat cells. In mouse 3T3 cells dl1062 multiplied to a limited extent, while bc1051 and dl1061 failed to produce virus. However, dl1061 DNA was synthesized at a low rate which could be increased to normal levels by co-transfection with mutant bc1051. This result suggests that polyoma small and middle T-antigen have a previously unrecognized function in the early phase of the infection process, or in viral DNA-synthesis.

Full text

PDF
2101

Images in this article

2097Fig. 2.
on p.2097
2097Fig. 3.
on p.2097
2098Fig. 5.
on p.2098

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baird M., Driscoll C., Schreiner H., Sciarratta G. V., Sansone G., Niazi G., Ramirez F., Bank A. A nucleotide change at a splice junction in the human beta-globin gene is associated with beta 0-thalassemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jul;78(7):4218–4221. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.7.4218. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Birnboim H. C., Doly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513–1523. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.6.1513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Boyer H. W., Roulland-Dussoix D. A complementation analysis of the restriction and modification of DNA in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1969 May 14;41(3):459–472. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90288-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cogen B. Virus-specific early RNA in 3T6 cells infected by a tsA mutant of polyoma virus. Virology. 1978 Mar;85(1):222–230. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90426-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Della Valle G., Fenton R. G., Basilico C. Polyoma large T antigen regulates the integration of viral DNA sequences into the genome of transformed cells. Cell. 1981 Feb;23(2):347–355. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90130-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Favaloro J., Treisman R., Kamen R. Transcription maps of polyoma virus-specific RNA: analysis by two-dimensional nuclease S1 gel mapping. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):718–749. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65070-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fluck M. M., Staneloni R. J., Benjamin T. L. Hr-t and ts-a: two early gene functions of polyoma virus. Virology. 1977 Apr;77(2):610–624. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90486-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Francke B., Eckhart W. Polyoma gene function required for viral DNA synthesis. Virology. 1973 Sep;55(1):127–135. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6822(73)81014-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fried M. Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant of polyoma virus. Virology. 1970 Mar;40(3):605–617. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90205-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Friedmann T., Esty A., LaPorte P., Deininger P. The nucleotide sequence and genome organization of the polyoma early region: extensive nucleotide and amino acid homology with SV40. Cell. 1979 Jul;17(3):715–724. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90278-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Goldman E., Benjamin T. L. Analysis of host range of nontransforming polyoma virus mutants. Virology. 1975 Aug;66(2):372–384. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90210-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Griffin B. E., Fried M., Cowie A. Polyoma DNA: a physical map. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 May;71(5):2077–2081. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.5.2077. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Griffin B. E., Maddock C. New classes of viable deletion mutants in the early region of polyoma virus. J Virol. 1979 Sep;31(3):645–656. doi: 10.1128/jvi.31.3.645-656.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gruss P., Khoury G. Rescue of a splicing defective mutant by insertion of an heterologous intron. Nature. 1980 Aug 7;286(5773):634–637. doi: 10.1038/286634a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gruss P., Lai C. J., Dhar R., Khoury G. Splicing as a requirement for biogenesis of functional 16S mRNA of simian virus 40. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4317–4321. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4317. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hamer D. H., Leder P. Splicing and the formation of stable RNA. Cell. 1979 Dec;18(4):1299–1302. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90240-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hirt B. Selective extraction of polyoma DNA from infected mouse cell cultures. J Mol Biol. 1967 Jun 14;26(2):365–369. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(67)90307-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hutchinson M. A., Hunter T., Eckhart W. Characterization of T antigens in polyoma-infected and transformed cells. Cell. 1978 Sep;15(1):65–77. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90083-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kamen R., Favaloro J., Parker J., Treisman R., Lania L., Fried M., Mellor A. Comparison of polyoma virus transcription in productively infected mouse cells and transformed rodent cell lines. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 1):63–75. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kamen R., Jat P., Treisman R., Favaloro J., Folk W. R. 5' termini of polyoma virus early region transcripts synthesized in vivo by wild-type virus and viable deletion mutants. J Mol Biol. 1982 Aug 5;159(2):189–224. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90493-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Khoury G., Gruss P., Dhar R., Lai C. J. Processing and expression of early SV40 mRNA: a role for RNA conformation in splicing. Cell. 1979 Sep;18(1):85–92. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90356-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Luthman H., Nilsson M. G., Magnusson G. Non-contiguous segments of the polyoma genome required in cis for DNA replication. J Mol Biol. 1982 Nov 15;161(4):533–550. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90406-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Magnusson G., Berg P. Construction and analysis of viable deletion mutants of polyoma virus. J Virol. 1979 Nov;32(2):523–529. doi: 10.1128/jvi.32.2.523-529.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. McCutchan J. H., Pagano J. S. Enchancement of the infectivity of simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid with diethylaminoethyl-dextran. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1968 Aug;41(2):351–357. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Montell C., Fisher E. F., Caruthers M. H., Berk A. J. Resolving the functions of overlapping viral genes by site-specific mutagenesis at a mRNA splice site. Nature. 1982 Feb 4;295(5848):380–384. doi: 10.1038/295380a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Nilsson S. V., Magnusson G. Sealing of gaps in duplex DNA by T4 DNA ligase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Mar 11;10(5):1425–1437. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.5.1425. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rassoulzadegan M., Cowie A., Carr A., Glaichenhaus N., Kamen R., Cuzin F. The roles of individual polyoma virus early proteins in oncogenic transformation. Nature. 1982 Dec 23;300(5894):713–718. doi: 10.1038/300713a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Schaffhausen B. S., Silver J. E., Benjamin T. L. Tumor antigen(s) in cell productively infected by wild-type polyoma virus and mutant NG-18. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jan;75(1):79–83. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.1.79. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Shortle D., Nathans D. Local mutagenesis: a method for generating viral mutants with base substitutions in preselected regions of the viral genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 May;75(5):2170–2174. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.5.2170. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Smart J. E., Ito Y. Three species of polyoma virus tumor antigens share common peptides probably near the amino termini of the proteins. Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1427–1437. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90066-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Soeda E., Arrand J. R., Griffin B. E. Polyoma virus. The early region and its T-antigens. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Oct 25;7(4):839–857. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.4.839. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Soeda E., Arrand J. R., Smolar N., Walsh J. E., Griffin B. E. Coding potential and regulatory signals of the polyoma virus genome. Nature. 1980 Jan 31;283(5746):445–453. doi: 10.1038/283445a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Soeda E., Griffin B. E. Sequences from the genome of a non-transforming mutant of polyoma virus. Nature. 1978 Nov 16;276(5685):294–298. doi: 10.1038/276294a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Treisman R., Cowie A., Favaloro J., Jat P., Kamen R. The structures of the spliced mRNAs encoding polyoma virus early region proteins. J Mol Appl Genet. 1981;1(2):83–92. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Treisman R., Novak U., Favaloro J., Kamen R. Transformation of rat cells by an altered polyoma virus genome expressing only the middle-T protein. Nature. 1981 Aug 13;292(5824):595–600. doi: 10.1038/292595a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Treisman R., Proudfoot N. J., Shander M., Maniatis T. A single-base change at a splice site in a beta 0-thalassemic gene causes abnormal RNA splicing. Cell. 1982 Jul;29(3):903–911. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90452-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Twigg A. J., Sherratt D. Trans-complementable copy-number mutants of plasmid ColE1. Nature. 1980 Jan 10;283(5743):216–218. doi: 10.1038/283216a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Tyndall C., La Mantia G., Thacker C. M., Favaloro J., Kamen R. A region of the polyoma virus genome between the replication origin and late protein coding sequences is required in cis for both early gene expression and viral DNA replication. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Dec 11;9(23):6231–6250. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.23.6231. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Weaver R. F., Weissmann C. Mapping of RNA by a modification of the Berk-Sharp procedure: the 5' termini of 15 S beta-globin mRNA precursor and mature 10 s beta-globin mRNA have identical map coordinates. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 10;7(5):1175–1193. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.5.1175. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Wieringa B., Meyer F., Reiser J., Weissmann C. Unusual splice sites revealed by mutagenic inactivation of an authentic splice site of the rabbit beta-globin gene. Nature. 1983 Jan 6;301(5895):38–43. doi: 10.1038/301038a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The EMBO Journal are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES