Skip to main content
PMC home page
The EMBO Journal logoLink to The EMBO Journal
. 1984 Feb;3(2):315–320. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01803.x

Gene expression in a temperature-sensitive gyrB mutant of Escherichia coli.

E Wahle, K Mueller, E Orr
PMCID: PMC557341  PMID: 6325166

Abstract

The effect of gyrase inactivation on gene expression was studied by examining the activities of different promoters in a temperature-sensitive gyrB mutant of Escherichia coli. The relative activities of promoters affected by cAMP-binding protein (CAP), e.g., the lac promoter, are not reduced by gyrase inactivation but can, on the contrary, be enhanced. This stimulation depends on the promoter location or its structure. The tnaA promoter is activated when located near the origin of replication, suggesting a differential effect of gyrase inactivation on various chromosomal domains. Only silent or mutant promoters such as the non-functional wild-type bgl or the lacIq can be activated. No differential effect of gyrase inactivation on the lambda pL and the trp promoters carried by the phage can be detected.

Full text

PDF
317

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bassford P. J., Jr, Silhavy T. J., Beckwith J. R. Use of gene fusion to study secretion of maltose-binding protein into Escherichia coli periplasm. J Bacteriol. 1979 Jul;139(1):19–31. doi: 10.1128/jb.139.1.19-31.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bolivar F., Rodriguez R. L., Greene P. J., Betlach M. C., Heyneker H. L., Boyer H. W., Crosa J. H., Falkow S. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system. Gene. 1977;2(2):95–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Borck K., Beggs J. D., Brammar W. J., Hopkins A. S., Murray N. E. The construction in vitro of transducing derivatives of phage lambda. Mol Gen Genet. 1976 Jul 23;146(2):199–207. doi: 10.1007/BF00268089. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Burt D. W., Brammar W. J. Transcriptional termination sites in the b2 region of bacteriophage lambda that are unresponsive to antitermination. Mol Gen Genet. 1982;185(3):462–467. doi: 10.1007/BF00334141. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Calos M. P. DNA sequence for a low-level promoter of the lac repressor gene and an 'up' promoter mutation. Nature. 1978 Aug 24;274(5673):762–765. doi: 10.1038/274762a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Churchward G., Bremer H., Young R. Transcription in bacteria at different DNA concentrations. J Bacteriol. 1982 May;150(2):572–581. doi: 10.1128/jb.150.2.572-581.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. De Wyngaert M., Hinkle D. C. Involvement of DNA gyrase in replication and transcription of bacteriophage T7 DNA. J Virol. 1979 Feb;29(2):529–535. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.2.529-535.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Deeley M. C., Yanofsky C. Nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for tryptophanase of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1981 Sep;147(3):787–796. doi: 10.1128/jb.147.3.787-796.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. DiNardo S., Voelkel K. A., Sternglanz R., Reynolds A. E., Wright A. Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I mutants have compensatory mutations in DNA gyrase genes. Cell. 1982 Nov;31(1):43–51. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90403-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Drlica K., Snyder M. Superhelical Escherichia coli DNA: relaxation by coumermycin. J Mol Biol. 1978 Apr 5;120(2):145–154. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90061-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Dubnau E., Margolin P. Suppression of promoter mutations by the pleiotropic supx mutations. Mol Gen Genet. 1972;117(2):91–112. doi: 10.1007/BF00267607. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Engle E. C., Manes S. H., Drlica K. Differential effects of antibiotics inhibiting gyrase. J Bacteriol. 1982 Jan;149(1):92–98. doi: 10.1128/jb.149.1.92-98.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Fairweather N. F., Orr E., Holland I. B. Inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase: effects on nucleic acid synthesis and cell division in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1980 Apr;142(1):153–161. doi: 10.1128/jb.142.1.153-161.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gellert M., Mizuuchi K., O'Dea M. H., Itoh T., Tomizawa J. I. Nalidixic acid resistance: a second genetic character involved in DNA gyrase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Nov;74(11):4772–4776. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.11.4772. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gellert M., Mizuuchi K., O'Dea M. H., Nash H. A. DNA gyrase: an enzyme that introduces superhelical turns into DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Nov;73(11):3872–3876. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.11.3872. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Jackson E. N., Yanofsky C. Internal promoter of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli is located in a structural gene. J Mol Biol. 1972 Aug 21;69(2):307–313. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90232-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kano Y., Miyashita T., Nakamura H., Kuroki K., Nagata A., Imamoto F. In vivo correlation between DNA supercoiling and transcription. Gene. 1981 Mar;13(2):173–184. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(81)90006-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kreuzer K. N., Cozzarelli N. R. Escherichia coli mutants thermosensitive for deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase subunit A: effects on deoxyribonucleic acid replication, transcription, and bacteriophage growth. J Bacteriol. 1979 Nov;140(2):424–435. doi: 10.1128/jb.140.2.424-435.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lockshon D., Morris D. R. Positively supercoiled plasmid DNA is produced by treatment of Escherichia coli with DNA gyrase inhibitors. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 May 25;11(10):2999–3017. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.10.2999. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lother H., Lurz R., Orr E. DNA binding and antigenic specifications of DNA gyrase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 25;12(2):901–914. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.2.901. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Mandecki W., Reznikoff W. S. A lac promoter with a changed distance between -10 and -35 regions. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Feb 11;10(3):903–912. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.3.903. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Messing J., Gronenborn B., Müller-Hill B., Hans Hopschneider P. Filamentous coliphage M13 as a cloning vehicle: insertion of a HindII fragment of the lac regulatory region in M13 replicative form in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Sep;74(9):3642–3646. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.9.3642. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Mirkin S. M., Bogdanova E. S., Gorlenko Z. M., Gragerov A. I., Larionov O. A. DNA supercoiling and transcription in Escherichia coli: influence of RNA polymerase mutations. Mol Gen Genet. 1979;177(1):169–175. doi: 10.1007/BF00267267. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Mitchell D. H., Reznikoff W. S., Beckwith J. R. Genetic fusions defining trp and lac operon regulatory elements. J Mol Biol. 1975 Apr 15;93(3):331–350. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90281-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Müller-Hill B., Crapo L., Gilbert W. Mutants that make more lac repressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Apr;59(4):1259–1264. doi: 10.1073/pnas.59.4.1259. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Müller-Hill B., Kania J. Lac repressor can be fused to beta-galactosidase. Nature. 1974 Jun 7;249(457):561–563. doi: 10.1038/249561a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Orr E., Fairweather N. F., Holland I. B., Pritchard R. H. Isolation and characterisation of a strain carrying a conditional lethal mutation in the cou gene of Escherichia coli K12. Mol Gen Genet. 1979;177(1):103–112. doi: 10.1007/BF00267259. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Orr E., Staudenbauer W. L. An Escherichia coli mutant thermosensitive in the B subunit of DNA gyrase: effect on the structure and replication of the colicin E1 plasmid in vitro. Mol Gen Genet. 1981;181(1):52–56. doi: 10.1007/BF00339004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. PARDEE A. B., PRESTIDGE L. S. The initial kinetics of enzyme induction. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1961 Apr 29;49:77–88. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(61)90871-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Pisetsky D., Berkower I., Wickner R., Hurwitz J. Role of ATP in DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1972 Nov 28;71(3):557–571. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(72)80023-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Polisky B., Bishop R. J., Gelfand D. H. A plasmid cloning vehicle allowing regulated expression of eukaryotic DNA in bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Nov;73(11):3900–3904. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.11.3900. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Pritchard R. H. Review lecture on the growth and form of a bacterial cell. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1974 Feb 21;267(886):303–336. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1974.0003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Ptashne M., Jeffrey A., Johnson A. D., Maurer R., Meyer B. J., Pabo C. O., Roberts T. M., Sauer R. T. How the lambda repressor and cro work. Cell. 1980 Jan;19(1):1–11. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90383-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Reynolds A. E., Felton J., Wright A. Insertion of DNA activates the cryptic bgl operon in E. coli K12. Nature. 1981 Oct 22;293(5834):625–629. doi: 10.1038/293625a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Ryan M. J. Coumermycin A1: A preferential inhibitor of replicative DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli. I. In vivo characterization. Biochemistry. 1976 Aug 24;15(17):3769–3777. doi: 10.1021/bi00662a020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Sanzey B. Modulation of gene expression by drugs affecting deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase. J Bacteriol. 1979 Apr;138(1):40–47. doi: 10.1128/jb.138.1.40-47.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Schaefler S. Inducible system for the utilization of beta-glucosides in Escherichia coli. I. Active transport and utilization of beta-glucosides. J Bacteriol. 1967 Jan;93(1):254–263. doi: 10.1128/jb.93.1.254-263.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Schaefler S., Maas W. K. Inducible system for the utilization of beta-glucosides in Escherichia coli. II. Description of mutant types and genetic analysis. J Bacteriol. 1967 Jan;93(1):264–272. doi: 10.1128/jb.93.1.264-272.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Shapiro J., Machattie L., Eron L., Ihler G., Ippen K., Beckwith J. Isolation of pure lac operon DNA. Nature. 1969 Nov 22;224(5221):768–774. doi: 10.1038/224768a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Shuman H., Schwartz M. The effect of nalidixic acid on the expression of some genes in Escherichia coli K-12. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1975 May 5;64(1):204–209. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90239-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Siebenlist U., Simpson R. B., Gilbert W. E. coli RNA polymerase interacts homologously with two different promoters. Cell. 1980 Jun;20(2):269–281. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90613-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Smith C. L., Kubo M., Imamoto F. Promoter-specific inhibition of transcription by antibiotics which act on DNA gyrase. Nature. 1978 Oct 5;275(5679):420–423. doi: 10.1038/275420a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Smith D. H., Davis B. D. Mode of action of novobiocin in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1967 Jan;93(1):71–79. doi: 10.1128/jb.93.1.71-79.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Smith G. R. DNA supercoiling: another level for regulating gene expression. Cell. 1981 Jun;24(3):599–600. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90085-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Stefano J. E., Gralla J. D. Spacer mutations in the lac ps promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Feb;79(4):1069–1072. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.4.1069. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Sternglanz R., DiNardo S., Voelkel K. A., Nishimura Y., Hirota Y., Becherer K., Zumstein L., Wang J. C. Mutations in the gene coding for Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I affect transcription and transposition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 May;78(5):2747–2751. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.5.2747. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Stüber D., Bujard H. Organization of transcriptional signals in plasmids pBR322 and pACYC184. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jan;78(1):167–171. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.1.167. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Takeda Y. Specific repression of in vitro transcription by the Cro repressor of bacteriophage lambda. J Mol Biol. 1979 Jan 15;127(2):177–189. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90238-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Wahle E., Mueller K. Involvement of DNA gyrase in rRNA synthesis in vivo. Mol Gen Genet. 1980;179(3):661–667. doi: 10.1007/BF00271755. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Wang J. C., Barkley M. D., Bourgeois S. Measurements of unwinding of lac operator by repressor. Nature. 1974 Sep 20;251(5472):247–249. doi: 10.1038/251247a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Worcel A., Burgi E. On the structure of the folded chromosome of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1972 Nov 14;71(2):127–147. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90342-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. von Wright A., Bridges B. A. Effect of gyrB-mediated changes in chromosome structure on killing of Escherichia coli by ultraviolet light: experiments with strains differing in deoxyribonucleic acid repair capacity. J Bacteriol. 1981 Apr;146(1):18–23. doi: 10.1128/jb.146.1.18-23.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The EMBO Journal are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES