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Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) logoLink to Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences)
. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):591–596. [Article in Chinese] doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.030

高效液相色谱法测定小鼠血浆中苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂UV-327和UV-328

Determination of UV-327 and UV-328 in mouse plasma by high performance liquid chromatography

Mei-qing ZHU 1, Rong CUI 1,
PMCID: PMC7433428  PMID: 32541998

Abstract

Objective

To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of ultraviolet (UV) absorbers UV-327 and UV-328 in mouse plasma.

Methods

N-hexane-acetone (volume ratio 1 ∶1) was added to a mouse plasma sample as the extraction solvent for vortex extraction, and the supernatant was dried at 50 ℃ with nitrogen. Thereafter the residue was redissolved with methanol, centrifuged and filtered. The separation was performed on a Waters Symmetry®C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), and the concentrations of UV-327 and UV-328 in the mouse plasma were determined by HPLC with an UV detector. The elution was isocratic at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with a mobile phase composed of 100% methanol, and the UV detection wavelength was 340 nm. The retention time was used for qualitative analysis, and the internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis using UV-320 as the internal standard.

Results

The calibration curves of UV-327 and UV-328 were linear with correlation coefficients of 0.999 7 over the concentration range of 0.05 to 10.0 mg/L. The limit of detection was 0.01 mg/L, and the limit of quantitation was 0.03 mg/L. The average recoveries at low, medium and high three concentrations (0.50, 1.00, 2.00 mg/L) in the mouse plasma were 91.7%-101.0% for UV-327, and 97.5%-103.9% for UV-328. The intra-day precisions (n=6) of UV-327 were 2.9%-6.6%, and 2.7%-7.4% for UV-328. The inter-day precisions (n=3) of UV-327 were 6.0%-9.3%, and 6.6%-8.6% for UV-328. The extraction recoveries of UV-327 were 98.8%-103.8%, and 99.8%-100.9% for UV-328. The measured relative deviations of UV-327 in the mouse plasma samples placed at room temperature for 6 hours and -40 ℃ for 15 days were 0.9%-3.5% and 7.4%-15.0%, and the measured relative deviations of UV-328 were 2.0%-4.3% and 2.1%-13.8%, respectively. The mouse plasma samples could be stored at room temperature for 6 hours at least and -40 ℃ for 15 days at three spiked concentration levels.

Conclusion

The method was simple and fast with high accuracy, precision and sensitivity, and could be applied to the determination of UV-327 and UV-328 in mouse plasma.

Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography, UV-327, UV-328, Mouse, Plasma


苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂能广泛吸收280~400 nm波长范围的紫外线(ultraviolet, UV),被广泛应用于化妆品、洗护用品等生活用品[1],以及塑料制品、涂料、汽车挡风玻璃、金属防锈剂、缓蚀剂等工业用品。目前,苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂是我国用量最大、品种最多、效果最好[2]的一类光稳定剂,在长期、大量的使用过程中可进入生态环境,进而影响鸟类、海洋生物及人类的健康,现已成为新兴的一类环境内分泌干扰物。苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂中,2-(2'-羟基-3',5'-二叔丁基苯基)-苯并三唑(UV-320)、2-(2-羟基-3',5'-二叔丁基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑(UV-327)和2-(2'-羟基-3',5'-二叔戊基苯基)苯并三唑(UV-328)是常用的、关注度较高的3种[2]。研究表明,UV-320和UV-327的生物富集系数相对较高[3],容易在高营养级生物中累积,在海洋食物链中具有较强的持久性和生物累积性[4]。毒性实验研究结果表明,短期和长期暴露于UV-327或UV-328后,大鼠的肝、肾、甲状腺和脾的血液指标和组织病理学均发生显著变化[5,6,7]

鉴于苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂的持久性、高迁移性、低生物降解性[1],在环境中不易降解,且具有一定毒性,日本、美国、欧洲等多个国家和地区已开始禁止生产或限制使用UV-327和UV-328[8]。我国《食品容器、包装材料用添加剂使用卫生标准》(GB9685—2008)[9]中规定,食品容器、包装材料中UV-327的最大残留量不得超过30.0 mg/kg。

目前,已报道的苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂检测样品多为食品或饮料包装材料、电子电器塑料部件、纺织品、水体和沉积物等非生物样品,仅有少量研究报道了生物样品中苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂的测定方法[10,11]。因生物样品中有机物含量高,基质相对复杂,因此,样品测定前需进行必要的提取和净化处理,以去除基体干扰、提高检测方法的灵敏度。然而,已报道的样品前处理方法多复杂繁琐,耗时较长,或需要特定的处理设备,测定苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂的含量则多采用色谱法与质谱法联用,分析成本较高[12,13,14]。目前国内外尚未见小鼠生物样品中UV-327和UV-328测定方法的报道。本研究以UV-320为内标,采用高效液相色谱测定方法,拟建立小鼠血浆中UV-327和UV-328含量测定的新方法,以为UV-327和UV-328在机体内的代谢、毒性等相关研究提供技术支持。

1. 材料与方法

1.1. 仪器与试剂

Waters高效液相色谱仪(包括Waters 1525 Binary HPLC Pump,Waters 717 plus Autosampler,Waters 2487 Dual λ Absorbance Detector)购自美国Waters科技有限公司,FA(N)/JA(N)系列电子天平购自上海民桥精密科学仪器有限公司,BF2000氮气吹干仪购自北京八方世纪科技有限公司,旋涡混合仪MX-S购自美国Scilogex公司,TGL-16G离心机购自上海安亭科学仪器厂。

UV-320(纯度98%)购自上海毕得医药科技有限公司,UV-327、UV-328(纯度98%)购自萨恩化学技术(上海)有限公司,甲醇(纯度≥99.9%)购自美国Mreda Technology Inc.(HPLC级),丙酮、正己烷(分析纯)购自北京市通广精细化工公司,生理盐水购自北京爱特蒙科技有限公司。

1.2. 测定方法

1.2.1 色谱条件 色谱柱为Waters Symmetry®C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为100%甲醇,流速1.0 mL/min,紫外检测波长340 nm,室温24 ℃进样,进样量10 μL。

1.2.2 样品采集 小鼠摘眼球取血,血液采集至抗凝离心管中,摇匀,13 560×g离心5 min。

1.2.3 样品预处理 取50 μL小鼠血浆,加入正己烷-丙酮溶液(体积比1 ∶1)1.0 mL,涡旋混匀3 min,13 560×g离心5 min。将上清液转入干净管中,50 ℃氮气吹干,残渣用200 μL甲醇溶解,涡旋混匀3 min,13 560×g离心5 min,上清液经0.45 μm尼龙过滤器过滤,待测。

1.3. 标准溶液配制

分别称取UV-320、UV-327及UV-328各10 mg,甲醇溶解、定容至100 mL容量瓶,配制UV-320、UV-327及UV-328标准储备液(质量浓度均为100 mg/L)。

用甲醇逐级稀释UV-320标准储备液,配制质量浓度为0.40 mg/L的UV-320溶液。用甲醇逐级稀释UV-327及UV-328标准储备液,配制质量浓度分别为0.10、0.20、0.40、1.00、2.00、4.00、10.0、20.0 mg/L的UV-327和UV-328混合标准系列。

1.4. 工作曲线的绘制

取空白小鼠血浆50 μL,分别加入UV-320溶液(0.40 mg/L)和不同浓度的UV-327和UV-328混合标准溶液各100 μL,按照1.2.3小节所述方法处理样品。以UV-327或UV-328的质量浓度为横坐标,以其与UV-320的峰面积比值为纵坐标,绘制工作曲线。以3倍和10倍噪声水平对应的UV-327或UV-328的浓度确定方法的检出限和定量限。

1.5. 特异性

考察6个不同个体空白小鼠血浆色谱图、空白小鼠血浆加内标色谱图、空白小鼠血浆加UV-327或UV-328和内标的色谱图,以及空白小鼠血浆加UV-327、UV-328和内标的色谱图,确定样品中的内源性物质是否会干扰被测物质的测定。

1.6. 准确度与精密度

在50 μL空白小鼠血浆中加入UV-320溶液(0.40 mg/L)和一定浓度的UV-327和UV-328混合标准溶液各100 μL,制备低、中、高(0.50、1.00、2.00 mg/L)3种浓度的质量控制样品(质控样品),每种浓度做6个平行样,按照1.2.3小节所述方法处理样品,连续测定3 d。准确度用质控样品的加标回收率表示,加标回收率应在85%~115%范围内。精密度用质控样品的日内和日间测量结果的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)表示,RSD应小于15%。

1.7. 提取回收率

取空白小鼠血浆50 μL,分别于氮气吹干前后加入UV-320溶液(0.40 mg/L)和不同浓度的UV-327和UV-328混合标准溶液各100 μL,使得制备的加标样品中UV-327和UV-328最终质量浓度分别为0.50、1.00、2.00 mg/L,每种浓度做6个平行样,按照1.2.3小节所述方法处理样品。氮气吹干前加标测得的UV-327或UV-328与UV-320的峰面积比记为A,氮气吹干后加标测得的UV-327或UV-328与UV-320的峰面积比记为B,提取回收率=A/B×100%。

1.8. 稳定性

在50 μL空白小鼠血浆中加入不同浓度的UV-327和UV-328混合标准溶液与0.4 mg/L内标溶液各100 μL,使UV-327和UV-328的质量浓度分别为0.50、1.00、2.00 mg/L,每种浓度取6个平行样,分别于室温下放置6 h和-40 ℃下保存15 d,考察小鼠血浆样品中UV-327和UV-328的稳定性。

1.9. 实际样品测定

雄性健康的SPF级ICR小鼠,体质量18~22 g,由北京大学医学部实验动物科学部提供。小鼠灌胃前适应性饲养2 d,自由摄食饮水。将UV-327或UV-328溶于玉米油中,配制质量浓度为1.8 g/L的混悬液。小鼠分别灌胃UV-327或UV-328(36 mg/kg),于2 h后摘眼球取血,迅速收集血液于抗凝离心管中,摇匀,13 560×g离心5 min,取血浆于-40 ℃冰箱保存,待测。

2. 结果

2.1. 工作曲线的线性范围、检出限与定量限

在0.05~10.0 mg/L浓度范围内,UV-327或UV-328质量浓度与内标UV-320(0.20 mg/L)的峰面积比值呈现良好的线性关系,回归方程分别为:y=4.723x+0.038,r=0.999 7;y=5.577x+0.519,r=0.999 7。UV-327和UV-328的检出限均为0.01 mg/L,定量限为0.03 mg/L。

2.2. 特异性

特异性结果显示,UV-327、UV-328和内标UV-320可完全分离,血浆中内源性物质不干扰UV-327、UV-328和内标UV-320的测定(图1)。

1.

小鼠血浆中UV-320、UV-327和UV-328测定的高效液相色谱图

Chromatographic diagram of UV-320, UV-327 and UV-328 in mice plasma

A, blank plasma; B, blank plasma spiked with UV-320 (0.20 mg/L); C, blank plasma spiked with UV-327 (0.50 mg/L) and UV-320 (0.20 mg/L); D, blank plasma spiked with UV-328 (0.50 mg/L) and UV-320 (0.20 mg/L); E, blank plasma spiked with UV-327 (0.50 mg/L), UV-328 (0.50 mg/L) and UV-320 (0.20 mg/L).

1

2.3. 准确度与精密度

准确度和精密度分析结果显示,本研究方法的准确度和精密度可满足分析测定的要求,空白小鼠血浆中未检出UV-327、UV-328和UV-320(表1)。

1.

小鼠血浆中UV-327和UV-328准确度与精密度实验结果

Accuracy and precision of UV-327 and UV-328 in mice plasma

Analyte Spiked
concentration/(mg/L)
Measured
concentration/(mg/L), x±s
Average recovery Intra-day precision
(RSD, n=6)
Inter-day precision
(RSD, n=3)
RSD, relative standard deviation.
UV-327 0.50 0.46±0.04 91.7% 6.6% 9.3%
1.00 1.01±0.08 101.0% 4.3% 7.7%
2.00 2.00±0.12 99.9% 2.9% 6.0%
UV-328 0.50 0.49±0.04 97.5% 7.4% 8.6%
1.00 1.04±0.07 103.9% 3.6% 6.6%
2.00 2.01±0.14 100.8% 2.7% 6.8%

2.4. 提取回收率

3种加标浓度UV-327和UV-328的提取回收率结果显示,样品前处理方法对目标物质的提取效率高,方法的准确度好(表2)。

2.

小鼠血浆中UV-327和UV-328提取回收率结果(n=6)

Extraction recovery of UV-327 and UV-328 in mice plasma (n=6)

Analyte Spiked
concentration/(mg/L)
Peak area ratio Extraction
recovery
A B
UV-327 0.50 3.00 2.89 103.8%
1.00 5.77 5.84 98.8%
2.00 11.38 11.25 101.2%
UV-328 0.50 2.26 2.24 100.9%
1.00 4.68 4.69 99.8%
2.00 9.28 9.29 99.9%

2.5. 稳定性结果

3种加标浓度UV-327和UV-328的小鼠血浆样品稳定性实验结果表明,小鼠血浆样品室温下至少可以放置6 h,-40 ℃冰箱中可以保存15 d(表3)。

3.

小鼠血浆中UV-327和UV-328稳定性实验结果(n=6)

Stability test results of UV-327 and UV-328 in mice plasma (n=6)

Analyte Spiked
concentration/
(mg/L)
Instant Room temperature for 6 h -40 ℃ for 15 d
Measured
concentration/
(mg/L), x±s
Measured
concentration/
(mg/L), x±s
Relative deviation Measured
concentration/
(mg/L), x±s
Relative deviation
UV-327 0.50 0.45±0.01 0.45±0.01 0.9% 0.51±0.04 13.3%
1.00 0.95±0.04 0.94±0.01 1.1% 0.88±0.02 7.4%
2.00 2.00±0.04 1.93±0.17 3.5% 1.70±0.04 15.0%
UV-328 0.50 0.47±0.01 0.49±0.02 4.3% 0.46±0.01 2.1%
1.00 1.02±0.02 1.04±0.04 2.0% 0.92±0.02 9.8%
2.00 2.10±0.05 2.03±0.13 3.3% 1.81±0.05 13.8%

2.6. 实际样品测定

灌胃给药2 h小鼠血浆中UV-327和UV-328的色谱图结果见图2,UV-327和UV-328测得的平均浓度为4.98 mg/L和2.87 mg/L。

2.

实际样品测定色谱图

Chromatographic diagram of actual sample determination

A, chromatogram diagram of UV-327 after 2 h gavage in mice plasma; B, chromatogram diagram of UV-328 after 2 h gavage in mice plasma.

2

3. 讨论

通常生物样品中苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂的含量较低,多为μg/g[10]、ng/g[11]甚至pg/g[14]级,同时混杂着大量的内源性成分。在复杂基体中分离和测定低浓度的目标物质,必须采用可靠、高效的样品前处理方法,若前处理方法不当,可能导致样品中被测物质的回收率较低,直接影响其定量结果的准确性。

Peng等[15]采用超声提取、固相萃取柱净化提取和富集水生鱼类中的UV-327和UV-328等4种紫外线吸收剂。Kim等[12]以正己烷-丙酮为溶剂,采用加速溶剂萃取、硅胶柱净化的方法对鱼类中UV-320、UV-327和UV-328等苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂进行富集和提取。Nakata等[10]在测定日本西部海域江豚脂肪组织中UV-320、UV-327和UV-328时,选用二氯甲烷和正己烷的混合物(8 ∶1)为萃取剂,利用索氏装置提取5 h,以50%(体积分数)己烷与二氯甲烷的混合物为流动相进行凝胶渗透色谱法洗脱脂质,后经5%(体积分数)失活硅胶柱去除干扰,最终用5%(体积分数)乙醚-己烷溶液洗脱目标化合物。Lee等[11]采用液-液萃取法提取母乳样品中的苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂,母乳样品中加入8%(质量分数)草酸钾溶液、乙醇和乙醚混合溶液机械振荡提取母乳样品,己烷萃取两次,再使用生物珠S-X3对提取液进行凝胶渗透层析以及硅胶柱层析。上述已报道的样品前处理方法可满足分析测定的需要,但操作方法较复杂或耗费的时间过长,且分析成本较高,亟需简化操作步骤,缩减分析时间,进一步提高分析效率。

UV-320、UV-327和UV-328属不同取代基的苯并三唑类紫外线化合物,均为弱极性或非极性物质[16],不溶于水,易溶于丙酮、苯、甲苯等有机溶剂,且在苯、甲苯中的溶解性较强。鉴于苯和甲苯毒性较强,本研究未予以考虑。根据相似相溶原理,同时参考了以往文献报道,本研究分别考察了以甲醇、乙腈、正己烷、丙酮、正己烷-丙酮(体积比1 ∶1)作为提取剂时,小鼠血浆中UV-327和UV-328的提取效果,结果发现,以正己烷-丙酮萃取时,目标物分离良好,杂峰较少,无内源性物质干扰,萃取效果最佳,因此本研究选择以正己烷-丙酮(体积比1 ∶1)作为提取剂。

根据UV-320、UV-327和UV-328的紫外-可见吸收光谱可知[17],各组分在340 nm处均有较强的吸收,因此本研究选择检测波长为340 nm。已报道的文献中,苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂通常采用梯度洗脱以获得完美峰形,同时达到缩短分析时间和提高分离效果的目的。本研究分别以甲醇+水、甲醇+20%乙腈-水溶液、95%甲醇-乙腈溶液+水、甲醇+0.1%甲酸水溶液、乙腈+0.1%甲酸水溶液作为流动相,梯度洗脱,观察目标物的分离效果,结果发现,UV-327峰形不理想或基线不稳定,之后改用等度洗脱,分别以甲醇、甲醇+水、乙腈、乙腈+水以及乙腈+0.1%甲酸作为流动相考察被测组分的分离度,结果显示,当流动相为100%甲醇时,各组分分离良好,且血浆中内源性物质不影响目标物质的测定。色谱柱温度对组分的保留值及分离度有一定影响。本研究比较了不同色谱柱温(室温、30 ℃、35 ℃、40 ℃)对分析结果的影响,结果显示,室温下各组分即可分离良好,因此,本研究色谱条件最终确定为流动相为100%甲醇,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长340 nm,室温24 ℃下进样分析,在此条件下,各组分可完全分离,色谱峰对称性良好,且峰型尖锐。

综上所述,本研究建立了小鼠血浆中UV-327和UV-328的高效液相色谱测定方法,该方法简便快速,具有良好的准确度、精密度和灵敏度,可满足小鼠血浆中UV-327和UV-328定性、定量分析的要求。

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