Abstract
Objetivo
Analizar la validez y fiabilidad de un cuestionario de satisfacción de pacientes con el servicio de dispensación en las farmacias comunitarias argentinas.
Diseño
Descriptivo, de corte transversal.
Emplazamiento
Farmacias comunitarias de Argentina que voluntariamente aceptaron participar en el estudio.
Participantes
Todos los pacientes o sus cuidadores que concurrieron a las farmacias durante el período de estudio (marzo y abril de 2006) y que supieran leer y escribir.
Mediciones principales
Puntuaciones de la escala de satisfacción del cuestionario.
Resultados
Participaron 27 farmacias, pertenecientes a 6 provincias de Argentina. Se consiguieron 473 cuestionarios, con un porcentaje de respuesta del 72,4%. El análisis factorial reveló un único componente que explicaba el 54,8% de la varianza total. Se obtuvo un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,90 y la correlación de Pearson entre cada uno de los ítems y la puntuación total de la escala mostró que todos los ítems están correlacionados entre sí (p < 0,01). Los pacientes expresaron comentarios adicionales en 124 cuestionarios (26,2%) que se relacionaron con la calidad de la atención recibida y con otros aspectos, tales como agradecimiento, coste de los medicamentos, insuficiente stock y amabilidad.
Conclusiones
El cuestionario mostró evidencias de la validez de contenido, validez como estructura interna, validez relacionada con otras variables y fiabilidad para valorar la satisfacción de los pacientes con el servicio de dispensación en las farmacias comunitarias argentinas.
Palabras clave: Cuestionario, Satisfacción de pacientes, Dispensación, Farmacias comunitarias
Abstract
Objective
To analyze the validity and reliability of a patient satisfaction questionnaire about drug dispensing in Argentine community pharmacies.
Design
Descriptive, cross-sectional study.
Setting
Community pharmacies of Argentina that voluntarily agreed to take part in the study.
Participants
All patients or their careers who attended the pharmacies during the period of the study (March and April, 2006) and knew how to read and write.
Main measurements
Scores on the satisfaction scale of the questionnaire.
Results
Twenty-seven pharmacies from 6 provinces of Argentina took part; 473 questionnaires were obtained with a 72.4% response rate. Factorial analysis revealed one single component that explained 54.8% of total variance. A 0.90 Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained and Pearson's correlation between each of the items and the total score on the scale showed that all items correlated with each other (P<.01). Patients expressed additional comments in 124 questionnaires (26.2%). These concerned the quality of care received and other aspects, such as gratitude, cost of medicines, insufficient stock, and friendliness.
Conclusions
The questionnaire, in showing evidence of content validity, validity as internal structure, validity related to other variables, and reliability, could assess patient satisfaction with the drug dispensing service in the community pharmacies of Argentina.
Key words: Questionnaire, Patient satisfaction, Dispensing, Community pharmacies
Footnotes
Este trabajo fue presentado en forma de póster en el XVII Congreso Farmacéutico Argentino, celebrado en Carlos Paz (Provincia de Córdoba) en octubre de 2006.
Bibliografía
- 1.Wiedenmayer K., Summers R.S., Mackie C.A., Gous A.G., Everard M., Tromp D. A focus on patient care. WHO/PSM/PAR/2006.5. World Health Organization; Geneva: 2006. Developing pharmacy practice. [Google Scholar]
- 2.Foro de Atención Farmacéutica. Dispensación. Farmacéuticos. 2007;321:47-50.
- 3.Caminal J. La medida de la satisfacción: un instrumento de participación de la población en la mejora de la calidad de los servicios sanitarios. Rev Calidad Asistencial. 2001;16:276–279. [Google Scholar]
- 4.Urden L. Patient satisfaction measurement: current issues and implications. Outcomes Manag. 2002;6:125–131. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Sitzia J., Wood N. Patient satisfaction: a review of issues and concepts. Soc Sci Med. 1997;45:1829–1843. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00128-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Campbell S., Roland M., Buetow S. Defining quality of care. Soc Sci Med. 2000;51:1611–1625. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00057-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7.Varela Mallou J., Rial Boubeta A., García Cueto E. Presentación de una Escala de Satisfacción con los Servicios Sanitarios de Atención Primaria. Psicothema. 2003;15:656–661. [Google Scholar]
- 8.Redondo Martín S., Bolaños Gallardo E., Almaraz Gómez A., Maderuelo Fernández J.A. Percepciones y expectativas sobre la atención primaria de salud: una nueva forma de identificar mejoras en el sistema de atención. Aten Primaria. 2005;36:358–366. doi: 10.1157/13080291. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.Jackson J., Chamberlinc J., Kroenked K. Predictors of patient satisfaction. Soc Sci Med. 2001;52:609–620. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00164-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10.Hudak P., Wright J. The characteristics of patient satisfaction measures. Spine. 2000;25:3167–3177. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200012150-00012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11.Saultz J.W., Albedaiwi W. Interpersonal continuity of care and patient satisfaction: a critical review. Ann Family Med. 2004;2:445–451. doi: 10.1370/afm.91. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12.McCaffrey D. Satisfaction: the forgotten outcome? Drug Topics. 2000;17:43–52. [Google Scholar]
- 13.Fan V., Burman M., McDonell M., Fihn S. Continuity of care and other determinants of patient satisfaction with primary care. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20:226–233. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.40135.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 14.Hernández L., Chang C.H., Cella D., Corona M., Shiomoto G., McGuire D.B. Development and validation of the satisfaction with pharmacy scale. Pharmacother. 2000;20:837–843. doi: 10.1592/phco.20.9.837.35188. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 15.Larson L., Rovers J., Mackeigan L. Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care: update of a validated instrument. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2002;42:44–50. doi: 10.1331/108658002763538062. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 16.Schommer J., Wenzel R., Kucukarslan S. Evaluation of pharmacists services for hospital inpatients. Am J Healt-Syst Pharm. 2002;59:1632–1637. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/59.17.1632. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 17.MacKeigan L.D., Larson L.N. Development and validation of an instrument to measure patient satisfaction with pharmacy services. Med Care. 1989;27:522–536. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198905000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 18.Briesacher B., Corey R. Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at independent and chain pharmacies. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997;54:531–536. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/54.5.531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 19.Johnson J.A., Coons S.J., Hays R.D., Pickard A.S. Helth status and satisfaction with pharmacy services. Am J Managed Care. 1999;5:163–170. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 20.Kamei M., Teshima K., Fukushima N., Nakamura T. Investigation of patients’ demand for community pharmacies: relationship between pharmacy services and patient satisfaction. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2001;121:215–220. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.121.215. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 21.Gourley G.K., Gourley D.R., La Monica Rigolosi E., Reed P., Solomon D.K., Washington E. Development and validation of The Pharmaceutical Care Satisfaction Questionnaire. Am J Managed Care. 2001;7:461–466. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 22.Gourley G.A., Portner T.S., Gourley D.R., Rigolosi E.L., Holt J.M., Solomon D.K. Humanistic outcomes in the hypertension and COPD arms of a multicenter outcomes study. J Am Pharm Assoc. 1998;38:586–597. doi: 10.1016/s1086-5802(16)30372-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 23.Volume C., Farris K., Kassam R., Cox C., Cave A. Pharmaceutical care research and educational proyect: patient outcomes. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2001;41:411–420. doi: 10.1016/s1086-5802(16)31255-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 24.Álvarez de Toledo F., Arcos González P., Eyaralar Riera T., Abal Ferrer F.F., Dago Martinez A., Cabiedes Miragaya L. Atención farmacéutica en personas que han sufrido episodios coronaries agudos (Estudio TOMCOR) Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2001;75:375–388. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 25.Schommer J., Kucukarslan S. Measuring patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997;54:2721–2732. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 26.Kukukarsian S., Schommer J. Patients’ expectations and their satisfaction with pharmacy services. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2002;42:489–496. doi: 10.1331/108658002763316923. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 27.Traverso M.L., MacKeigan L.D. Instruments for measuring patient satisfaction with pharmacy services in the spanish language. Pharm World Sci. 2005;27:281–284. doi: 10.1007/s11096-005-7114-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 28.Armando P., Uema S., Sola N. Valoración de la satisfacción de los pacientes con el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico. Seguim Farmacoter. 2005;3:205–212. [Google Scholar]
- 29.Armando P, Martínez Pérez SR, Martí Pallares M, Solá Uthurry N, Faus Dáder MJ. Development and validation of a patient satisfaction questionnaire with the dispensing service. Pharm World Sci. 2007 [en prensa]. [DOI] [PubMed]
- 30.Williams B., Coyle J., Healy D. The meaning of patient satisfaction: an explanation of high reported levels. Soc Sci Med. 1998;47:1351–1359. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00213-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 31.Mira J.J. Satisfecho, sí gracias… Pero ahora qué…. Rev Calidad Asistencial. 2003;18:567–569. [Google Scholar]
- 32.Collins K., O’Cathain A. The continuum of patient satisfaction: from satisied to very satisied. Soc Sci Med. 2003;57:2465–2470. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00098-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 33.Otani K., Kurz R., Harris L. Managing primary care using patient satisfaction measures. J Healthcare Manag. 2005;50:311–324. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 34.Etter J., Perneger T. Validating a satisfaction questionnaire using multiple approaches: a case study. Soc Sci Med. 1997;45:879–885. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00428-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
