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. 2021 Aug 7;26(4):546–567. doi: 10.1007/s12257-020-0374-1

Plant Platforms for Efficient Heterologous Protein Production

Siddhesh B Ghag 1,✉, Vinayak S Adki 2, Thumballi R Ganapathi 3,✉, Vishwas A Bapat 4
PMCID: PMC8346785  PMID: 34393545

Abstract

Production of recombinant proteins is primarily established in cultures of mammalian, insect and bacterial cells. Concurrently, concept of using plants to produce high-value pharmaceuticals such as vaccines, antibodies, and dietary proteins have received worldwide attention. Newer technologies for plant transformation such as plastid engineering, agroinfiltration, magnifection, and deconstructed viral vectors have been used to enhance the protein production in plants along with the inherent advantage of speed, scale, and cost of production in plant systems. Production of therapeutic proteins in plants has now a more pragmatic approach when several plant-produced vaccines and antibodies successfully completed Phase I clinical trials in humans and were further scheduled for regulatory approvals to manufacture clinical grade products on a large scale which are safe, efficacious, and meet the quality standards. The main thrust of this review is to summarize the data accumulated over the last two decades and recent development and achievements of the plant derived therapeutics. It also attempts to discuss different strategies employed to increase the production so as to make plants more competitive with the established production systems in this industry.

Keywords: biopharmaceuticals, clinical trials, magnifection, protein, plantibodies, vaccines, therapeutics

Acknowledgements

SBG would like to thank UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai for constant support and encouragement and Department of Science and Technology (Govt. of India) for DST-INSPIRE Faculty award. VAB thanks National Academy of Sciences, India (NASI) for the honorary scientist fellowship.

Conflict of Interest Authors declare that no conflict of interest exists.

Ethical Statement Neither ethical approval nor informed consent was required for this study.

Footnotes

Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Contributor Information

Siddhesh B. Ghag, Email: siddhesh.ghag@cbs.ac.in

Thumballi R. Ganapathi, Email: trgana@barc.gov.in

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