1Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
3Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Kedah Malaysia
4Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA
5Academy of History of Healthcare Art, Rome, Italy
6ISCD Nanoscience Center, Rome, Italy
7LABOR Srl, Rome, Italy
8Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
© The Author(s) 2022
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.