Rare Variants in Hypermutable Genes Underlie Common Morphology and Growth Traits in Wild Saccharomyces paradoxus

Supporting Information

Supporting Information

Supporting Information - Figures S1-S16, Files S1-S3, and Tables S1-S2 (PDF, 3 MB)
Figure S1 - A subset of European S. paradoxus strains flocculate in a variety of conditions. (PDF, 638 KB)
Figure S2 - Flocculation and invasive growth are Mendelian traits linked to genetic variation at IRA1 or IRA2. (PDF, 653 KB)
Figure S3 - Two distinct loci underlie flocculation across strains. (PDF, 1 MB)
Figure S4 - Flocculation is inhibited by mannose. (PDF, 476 KB)
Figure S5 - FLO9 and FLO11 are terminal effectors of flocculation and invasive growth in multiple S. paradoxus strains. (PDF, 639 KB)
Figure S6 - Variation at IRA1 and IRA2 underlie flocculation and invasive growth. (PDF, 547 KB)
Figure S7 - Variant IRA1 and IRA2 alleles act as partial or complete losses of function. (PDF, 557 KB)
Figure S8 - Engineered mutation of either IRA1 or IRA2 is sufficient for flocculation and invasive growth. (PDF, 533 KB)
Figure S9 - Phylogeny of promoter regions of IRA1 and IRA2 (PDF, 592 KB)
Figure S10 - IRA1 and IRA2 genes from flocculent/invasive strains do not share derived polymorphisms. (PDF, 807 KB)
Figure S11 - Hundreds of growth traits across environmental treatments associate with variants in IRA1 and IRA2. (PDF, 665 KB)
Figure S12 - Variation at IRA1 and IRA2 underlies differences between strains in final culture density and lag in multiple conditions. (PDF, 710 KB)
Figure S13 - Effect of flocculation on culture growth (PDF, 546 KB)
Figure S14 - Most wild European S. paradoxus strains exhibit the same morphologies as their laboratory derivatives. (PDF, 604 KB)
Figure S15 - Flocculation is a Mendelian trait in wild progenitor strains. (PDF, 386 KB)
Figure S16 - Variation at IRA1 and IRA2 underlie flocculation and invasive growth in wild progenitor strains. (PDF, 524 KB)
Table S1 - Strains used in this work (PDF, 415 KB)
Table S2 - IRA1 and IRA2 have high nucleotide diversity in S. paradoxus populations. (PDF, 514 KB)
File S1 - Association test of IRA gene variants with growth parameters across European S. paradoxus (.xlsx, 59 KB)
File S2 - Growth measurements in wild-type European S. paradoxus homozygotes and engineered IRA gene reciprocal hemizygotes (.xlsx, 44 KB)
File S3 - Growth measurements in European homozygote strains and their FLO9-null non-flocculent derivatives (.xlsx, 32 KB)