Abstract
Eighty-five adults with horizontal concomitant strabismus were treated with an injection of a low dose of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) into the lateral or medial rectus muscle. The ocular deviation was reduced by an average of 60% independently of its size and whether or not surgery had previously been performed. The change was temporary, however, except in those cases with binocular functions, when fusion was re-established. Repeated low dose injections can maintain the improvement, but at higher doses, although larger reductions are produced, temporary local side effects--ptosis and vertical strabismus--are common. The technique is simple, well tolerated, and has no systemic side effects.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Ambache N. The peripheral action of Cl. botulinum toxin. J Physiol. 1949 Mar 15;108(2):127–141. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dolly J. O., Black J., Williams R. S., Melling J. Acceptors for botulinum neurotoxin reside on motor nerve terminals and mediate its internalization. Nature. 1984 Feb 2;307(5950):457–460. doi: 10.1038/307457a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Duchen L. W. An electron microscopic study of the changes induced by botulinum toxin in the motor end-plates of slow and fast skeletal muscle fibres of the mouse. J Neurol Sci. 1971 Sep;14(1):47–60. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(71)90129-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Duchen L. W. Changes in the electron microscopic structure of slow and fast skeletal muscle fibres of the mouse after the local injection of botulinum toxin. J Neurol Sci. 1971 Sep;14(1):61–74. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(71)90130-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Magoon E. H. Botulinum toxin chemo-denervation for strabismus in infants and children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1984 May-Jun;21(3):110–113. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-19840501-06. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scott A. B. Botulinum toxin injection into extraocular muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1980 Jan-Feb;17(1):21–25. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-19800101-06. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scott A. B. Botulinum toxin injection into extraocular muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery. Ophthalmology. 1980 Oct;87(10):1044–1049. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35127-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scott A. B., Rosenbaum A., Collins C. C. Pharmacologic weakening of extraocular muscles. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973 Dec;12(12):924–927. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tonge D. A. Chronic effects of botulinum toxin on neuromuscular transmission and sensitivity to acetylcholine in slow and fast skeletal muscle of the mouse. J Physiol. 1974 Aug;241(1):127–139. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010644. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]