Skip to main content
PMC home page
Plant Physiology logoLink to Plant Physiology
. 1982 Nov;70(5):1260–1264. doi: 10.1104/pp.70.5.1260

Phosphatidylglycerol Synthesis in Spinach Chloroplasts: Characterization of the Newly Synthesized Molecule

Salvatore A Sparace 1,1, J Brian Mudd 1,1
PMCID: PMC1065872  PMID: 16662664

Abstract

Intact chloroplasts from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L., hybrid 424) readily incorporate [14C]glycerol-3-phosphate and [14C]acetate into diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycrol, free fatty acids (only when acetate is the precursor), phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and most notably phosphatidylglycerol. The fraction of phosphatidylglycerol synthesized is greatly increased by the presence of manganese chloride in the reaction mixture. Glycerol-3-phosphate-labeled phosphatidylglycerol is equally labeled in the two glycerol moieties of the molecule. Acetate-labeled phosphatidylglycerol is equally labeled in both acyl groups. Position one contains primarily oleate, linoleate and small amounts of palmitate. Position two contains primarily palmitate. No radioactive trans-Δ3-hexadecenoate was detected. The labeling patterns indicate that the radioactive phosphatidylglycerol is the product of de novo chloroplast lipid biosynthesis and furthermore, phosphatidylglycerol may be a substrate for fatty acid desaturation.

Full text

PDF
1262

Images in this article

1261Fig. 1
on p.1261

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Beare-Rogers J. L. Liver phospholipids of rats deprived of dietary choline. Can J Biochem. 1969 Mar;47(3):257–263. doi: 10.1139/o69-040. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bertrams M., Heinz E. Positional Specificity and Fatty Acid Selectivity of Purified sn-Glycerol 3-Phosphate Acyltransferases from Chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 1981 Sep;68(3):653–657. doi: 10.1104/pp.68.3.653. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Douce R., Guillot-Salomon T. Sur l'incorporation de la radioactivite du sn-glycerol-3-phosphate-(14)C dans le monogalactosyldiglyceride des plastes isoles. FEBS Lett. 1970 Nov 18;11(2):121–124. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80507-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Fischer W., Heinz E., Zeus M. The suitability of lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus delemar for analysis of fatty acid distribution in dihexosyl diglycerides, phospholipids and plant sulfolipids. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1973 Sep;354(9):1115–1123. doi: 10.1515/bchm2.1973.354.2.1115. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Haverkate F., van Deenen L. L. Isolation and chemical characterization of phosphatidyl glycerol from spinach leaves. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1965 Jul 7;106(1):78–92. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(65)90097-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Joyard J., Douce R. Characterization of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity associated with chloroplast envelope membranes. FEBS Lett. 1979 Jun 1;102(1):147–150. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80947-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Marshall M. O., Kates M. Biosynthesis of phosphatidylglycerol by cell-free preparations from spinach leaves. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1972 Apr 18;260(4):558–570. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(72)90005-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Maury W. J., Huber S. C., Moreland D. E. Effects of Magnesium on Intact Chloroplasts : II. CATION SPECIFICITY AND INVOLVEMENT OF THE ENVELOPE ATPase IN (SODIUM) POTASSIUM/PROTON EXCHANGE ACROSS THE ENVELOPE. Plant Physiol. 1981 Dec;68(6):1257–1263. doi: 10.1104/pp.68.6.1257. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. McKee J. W., Hawke J. C. The incorporation of [14C]acetate into the constituent fatty acids of monogalactosyldiglyceride by isolated spinach chloroplasts. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1979 Oct 1;197(1):322–332. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90252-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Moore T. S. Phosphatidylglycerol synthesis in castor bean endosperm: kinetics, requirements, and intracellular localization. Plant Physiol. 1974 Aug;54(2):164–168. doi: 10.1104/pp.54.2.164. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Mudd J. B., Dezacks R. Synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol by chloroplasts from leaves of Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach). Arch Biochem Biophys. 1981 Jul;209(2):584–591. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90316-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Nichols B. W., Harris P., James A. T. The biosynthesis of trans-delta-3-hexadecenoic acid by chlorella vulgaris. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1965 Dec 9;21(5):473–479. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(65)90407-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Quarles R. H., Dawson R. M. The distribution of phospholipase D in developing and mature plants. Biochem J. 1969 May;112(5):787–794. doi: 10.1042/bj1120787. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Roughan P. G., Mudd J. B., McManus T. T., Slack C. R. Linoleate and alpha-linolenate synthesis by isolated spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. Biochem J. 1979 Dec 15;184(3):571–574. doi: 10.1042/bj1840571. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Roughan P. G., Slack C. R., Holland R. High rates of [1-14C]acetate incorporation into the lipid of isolated spinach chloroplasts. Biochem J. 1976 Sep 15;158(3):593–601. doi: 10.1042/bj1580593. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Sastry P. S., Kates M. Biosynthesis of lipids in plants. II. Incorporation of glycerophosphate-32-P into phosphatides by cell-free preparations from spinach leaves. Can J Biochem. 1966 Apr;44(4):459–467. doi: 10.1139/o66-056. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Slack C. R., Roughan P. G., Browse J. Evidence for an oleoyl phosphatidylcholine desaturase in microsomal preparations from cotyledons of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed. Biochem J. 1979 Jun 1;179(3):649–656. doi: 10.1042/bj1790649. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Stymne S., Appelqvist L. A. The biosynthesis of linoleate from oleoyl-CoA via oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine in microsomes of developing safflower seeds. Eur J Biochem. 1978 Oct;90(2):223–229. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12594.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Sumida S., Mudd J. B. Biosynthesis of cytidine diphosphate diglyceride by enzyme preparations from cauliflower. Plant Physiol. 1970 Jun;45(6):719–722. doi: 10.1104/pp.45.6.719. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Plant Physiology are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES