Skip to main content
PMC home page
Biochemical Journal logoLink to Biochemical Journal
. 1986 May 1;235(3):699–705. doi: 10.1042/bj2350699

Effects of glucocorticoid and cycloheximide on the activity and amount of RNA polymerase I in nuclei of rat liver.

H Matsui, H Yazawa, N Suzuki, T Hosoya
PMCID: PMC1146744  PMID: 3638963

Abstract

The activity of the template-engaged form of RNA polymerase I from livers of adrenalectomized rats was about 50-60% of that of normal control rats, and increased about 2-fold at 6 h after the administration of dexamethasone. However, no change was found in the activity of the 'free' form of RNA polymerase I or the template-engaged form of RNA polymerase II. Immunochemical studies using guinea-pig anti-(RNA polymerase I) serum disclosed that the total number of RNA polymerase I molecules did not vary during the treatment with dexamethasone. Cycloheximide caused a rapid decrease in the template-engaged form of RNA polymerase I activity in normal rats and in dexamethasone-treated (6 h) adrenalectomized rats, to the value in adrenalectomized rats, but affected it only slightly in adrenalectomized rats. The elongation rate of rRNA-precursor synthesis in liver nuclei was not affected by a change in the concentration of circulating dexamethasone. From these results, it is concluded that about half the rRNA-precursor synthesis in rat liver is regulated by glucocorticoids, probably through the synthesis of short-lived protein(s) which may play a role in conversion of the 'dormant' form of RNA polymerase I into the 'engaged' form.

Full text

PDF
700

Images in this article

702Fig. 2.
on p.702

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Andersen M. W., Ballal N. R., Busch H. Nucleoli of thioacetamide-treated liver as a model for studying regulation of preribosomal RNA synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1977 Sep 9;78(1):129–135. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)91230-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BURTON K. A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochem J. 1956 Feb;62(2):315–323. doi: 10.1042/bj0620315. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Barry J., Gorski J. Uterine ribonucleic acid polymerase. Effect of estrogen on nucleotide incorporation into 3' chain termini. Biochemistry. 1971 Jun 8;10(12):2384–2390. doi: 10.1021/bi00788a032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bell P. A., Borthwick N. M. Regulation of transcription in rat thymus cells by glucocorticoids. J Steroid Biochem. 1979 Jul;11(1B):381–387. doi: 10.1016/0022-4731(79)90056-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Benecke B. J., Ferencz A., Seifart K. H. Resistance of hepatic RNA polymerases to compounds effecting RNA and protein synthesis in vivo. FEBS Lett. 1973 Apr 1;31(1):53–58. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(73)80072-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Borthwick N. M., Bell P. A. Early glucocorticoid-dependent stimulation of RNA polymerase B in rat thymus cells. FEBS Lett. 1975 Dec 15;60(2):396–399. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80757-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Borthwick N. M., Bell P. A. Glucocorticoid regulation of rat thymus RNA polymerase activity: the role of RNA and protein synthesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1978 Jan;9(3):269–278. doi: 10.1016/0303-7207(78)90069-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1006/abio.1976.9999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cavanaugh A. H., Thompson E. A., Jr Hormonal regulation of transcription of rDNA: glucocorticoid effects upon initiation and elongation in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 May 10;13(9):3357–3369. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.9.3357. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Cavannaugh A. H., Thompson E. A., Jr Hormonal regulation of transcription of rDNA. Inhibition of transcription during glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of proliferation of lymphosarcoma P1798 cells in culture. J Biol Chem. 1983 Aug 25;258(16):9768–9773. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Chambon P. Eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases. Annu Rev Biochem. 1975;44:613–638. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.44.070175.003145. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Cox R. F. Quantitation of elongating form A and B RNA polymerases in chick oviduct nuclei and effects of estradiol. Cell. 1976 Mar;7(3):455–465. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90176-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Dabeva M. D., Dineva B. B., Ikonomova R. N. Ribosomal RNA synthesis in liver of adrenalectomized rats after partial hepatectomy. Cell Biol Int Rep. 1984 Mar;8(3):231–237. doi: 10.1016/0309-1651(84)90036-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Dabeva M. D., Ikonomova R. N. Acceleration of ribosome formation in rat liver in response to hydrocortisone. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1982 Nov-Dec;28(3):263–273. doi: 10.1016/0303-7207(82)90125-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Dahmus M. E., Bonner J. Increased template activity of liver chromatin, a result of hydrocortisone administration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1965 Nov;54(5):1370–1375. doi: 10.1073/pnas.54.5.1370. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Dembinski T. C., Bell P. A. Glucocorticoids modify the rate of ribosomal RNA synthesis in rat thymus cells by regulating the polymerase elongation rate. J Steroid Biochem. 1984 Nov;21(5):497–504. doi: 10.1016/0022-4731(84)90322-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Farber J. L., Farmar R. Differential effects of cycloheximide on protein and RNA synthesis as a function of dose. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1973 Apr 2;51(3):626–630. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)91360-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Franze-Fernańdez M. T., Fontanive-Sengüesa A. V. Effect of amino acids on the alpha-amanitin-insensitive RNA polymerase activity in the isolated nuclei of Ehrlich ascites cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1973 Nov 26;331(1):71–80. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(73)90420-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Frey A., Seifart K. H. Glucocorticoids directly affect the synthesis of ribosomal RNA in rat-liver cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1982 Oct;28(2):161–172. doi: 10.1016/0303-7207(82)90029-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Greenman D. L., Wicks W. D., Kenney F. T. Stimulation of ribonucleic acid synthesis by steroid hormones. II. High molecular weight components. J Biol Chem. 1965 Nov;240(11):4420–4426. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Gross K. J., Pogo A. O. Control mechanism of ribonucleic acid synthesis in eukaryotes. The effect of amino acid and glucose starvation and cycloheximide on yeast deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerases. J Biol Chem. 1974 Jan 25;249(2):568–576. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Grummt I., Grummt F. Control of nucleolar RNA synthesis by the intracellular pool sizes of ATP and GTP. Cell. 1976 Mar;7(3):447–453. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90175-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Haim L., Iapalucci-Espinoza S., Conde R., Franze-Fernández M. T. Control of activation of liver RNA polymerase I occurring after re-feeding of protein-depleted mice. Biochem J. 1983 Mar 15;210(3):837–844. doi: 10.1042/bj2100837. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Hallahan C., Young D. A., Munck A. Time course of early events in the action of glucocorticoids on rat thymus cells in vitro. Synthesis and turnover of a hypothetical cortisol-induced protein inhibition of glucose metabolism and of a presumed ribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem. 1973 Apr 25;248(8):2922–2927. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Higashinakagawa T., Muramatsu M., Sugano H. Isolation of nucleoli from rat liver in the presence of magnesium ions. Exp Cell Res. 1972 Mar;71(1):65–74. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(72)90264-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Hosoya T., Nagai Y., Inagaki T., Hayashi M. In vivo effect of androgen and cycloheximide on the RNA synthesis in isolated nuclei of rat ventral prostates. J Biochem. 1978 Dec;84(6):1519–1528. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a132277. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Jacob S. T., Sajdel E. M., Munro H. N. Regulation of nucleolar RNA metabolism by hydrocortisone. Eur J Biochem. 1969 Feb;7(4):449–453. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1969.tb19630.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Lampert A., Feigelson P. A short lived polypeptide component of one of two discrete functional pools of hepatic nuclear alpha-amanitin resistant RNA polymerases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1974 Jun 18;58(4):1030–1038. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(74)80247-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Leonard T. B., Jacob S. T. Alterations in DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I and II from rat liver by thioacetamide: preferential increase in the level of chromatin-associated nucleolar RNA polymerase IB. Biochemistry. 1977 Oct 4;16(20):4538–4544. doi: 10.1021/bi00639a032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Lindell T. J., O'Malley A. F., Puglisi B. Inhibition of nucleoplasmic transcription and the translation of rapidly labeled nuclear proteins by low concentrations of actinomycin D in vivo. Proposed role of messenger RNA in ribosomal RNA transcription. Biochemistry. 1978 Apr 4;17(7):1154–1160. doi: 10.1021/bi00600a003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Matsui T., Onishi T., Muramatsu M. Nucleolar DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from rat liver. 1. Purification and subunit structure. Eur J Biochem. 1976 Dec 11;71(2):351–360. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb11121.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Mishima Y., Matsui T., Muramatsu M. The mechanism of decrease in nucleolar RNA synthesis by protein synthesis inhibition. J Biochem. 1979 Mar;85(3):807–818. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Muramatsu M., Shimada N., Higashinakagawa T. Effect of cycloheximide on the nucleolar RNA synthesis in rat liver. J Mol Biol. 1970 Oct 14;53(1):91–106. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90047-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Nakanishi S., Numa S. Purification of rat liver acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase and immunochemical studies on its synthesis and degradation. Eur J Biochem. 1970 Sep;16(1):161–173. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01068.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Nicolette J. A., Babler M. The role of protein in the estrogen-stimulated in vitro RNA synthesis of isolated rat uterine nucleoli. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1974 Jul;163(1):263–270. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90476-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Onishi T., Matsui T., Muramatsu M. Effect of cycloheximide on the nucleolar RNA synthesis in rat liver. Changes in RNA polymerase I and nucleolar template activity. J Biochem. 1977 Oct;82(4):1109–1119. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131783. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Perrone-Bizzozero N., Iapalucci-Espinoza S., Medrano E. E., Franze-Fernández M. T. Transcription of ribosomal RNA is differentially controlled in resting and growing BALB/c 3T3 cells. J Cell Physiol. 1985 Jul;124(1):160–164. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041240125. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Sajdel E. M., Jacob S. T. Mechanism of early effect of hydrocortisone on the transcriptional process: stimulation of the activities of purified rat liver nucleolar RNA polymerases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1971 Nov 5;45(3):707–715. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(71)90474-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Stoyanova B. B., Dabeva M. D. Ribosomal RNA precursor transcription in rat liver is not dependent on continuous synthesis of proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980 Jul 29;608(2):358–367. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(80)90181-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Suzuki N., Hosoya T., Igarashi T., Muramatsu M. Changes in template-engaged and free RNA polymerase I activities in isolated nuclei from rat ventral prostates after treatment with testosterone and cycloheximide. J Biochem. 1984 May;95(5):1389–1398. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a134746. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Suzuki N., Matsui H., Hosoya T. Effects of androgen and polyamines on the phosphorylation of nucleolar proteins from rat ventral prostates with particular reference to 110-kDa phosphoprotein. J Biol Chem. 1985 Jul 5;260(13):8050–8055. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. TSUKADA K., LIEBERMAN I. LIVER NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEIC ACID POLYMERASE FORMED AFTER PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY. J Biol Chem. 1965 Apr;240:1731–1736. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Tata J. R., Widnell C. C. Ribonucleic acid synthesis during the early action of thyroid hormones. Biochem J. 1966 Feb;98(2):604–620. doi: 10.1042/bj0980604. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Todhunter J. A., Weissbach H., Brot N. Modification of rat liver RNA polymerase I after in vivo stimulation by hydrocortisone or methylisobutylxanthine. J Biol Chem. 1978 Jul 10;253(13):4514–4516. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Yu F. L., Feigelson P. A proposed model for the glucocorticoidal regulation of rat hepatic ribosomal RNA synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1973 Aug 6;53(3):754–760. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)90157-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Yu F. L., Feigelson P. Cortisone stimulation of nucleolar RNA polymerase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Sep;68(9):2177–2180. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.9.2177. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Yu F. L., Feigelson P. The rapid turnover of RNA polymerase of rat liver nucleolus, and of its messenger RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Oct;69(10):2833–2837. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.10.2833. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biochemical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biochemical Society

RESOURCES