Skip to main content
PMC home page
Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research logoLink to Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research
. 2000 Oct;64(4):208–211.

Yohimbine ameliorates the effects of endotoxin on gastric emptying of the liquid marker acetaminophen in horses.

S D Meisler 1, T J Doherty 1, F M Andrews 1, D Osborne 1, D L Frazier 1
PMCID: PMC1189619  PMID: 11041497

Abstract

The effect of yohimbine pretreatment on gastric emptying of a liquid marker in horses was evaluated by measuring serum concentrations of acetaminophen. Gastric emptying was determined in normal, fasted horses, in horses given endotoxin (E. coli 055 B5; 0.2 microg/kg) intravenously, and in horses given yohimbine (0.25 mg/kg, IV, over 30 minutes) plus endotoxin. Acetaminophen (20 mg/kg) was given by stomach tube 15 minutes after the endotoxin infusion. Blood samples for acetaminophen analysis were collected, and time to reach the peak serum concentration (Tmax), the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and the area under the acetaminophen serum concentration versus time curve (AUC) were determined for each treatment group. Endotoxin significantly increased Tmax, indicating a profound delay in gastric emptying and yohimbine pretreatment significantly (P < or = 0.05) prevented this effect.

Full text

PDF
210

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Armstrong J., Tempel G. E., Cook J. A., Wise W. C., Halushka P. V. The effects of alpha adrenergic blockade on arachidonic acid metabolism and shock sequelae in endotoxemia. Circ Shock. 1986;20(2):151–159. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Clements J. A., Heading R. C., Nimmo W. S., Prescott L. F. Kinetics of acetaminophen absorption and gastric emptying in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1978 Oct;24(4):420–431. doi: 10.1002/cpt1978244420. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Doherty T. J., Andrews F. M., Abraha T. W., Osborne D., Frazier D. L. Metoclopramide ameliorates the effects of endotoxin on gastric emptying of acetaminophen in horses. Can J Vet Res. 1999 Jan;63(1):37–40. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Eades S. C. Endotoxaemia in dairy cattle: mechanism of reticulorumen stasis. Vet J. 1997 May;153(3):321–327. doi: 10.1016/s1090-0233(97)80066-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Eades S. C., Moore J. N. Blockade of endotoxin-induced cecal hypoperfusion and ileus with an alpha 2 antagonist in horses. Am J Vet Res. 1993 Apr;54(4):586–590. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gerring E. E., Hunt J. M. Pathophysiology of equine postoperative ileus: effect of adrenergic blockade, parasympathetic stimulation and metoclopramide in an experimental model. Equine Vet J. 1986 Jul;18(4):249–255. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03618.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hatanaka S., Kondoh M., Kawarabayashi K., Furuhama K. The measurement of gastric emptying in conscious rats by monitoring serial changes in serum acetaminophen level. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 1994 Jun;31(3):161–165. doi: 10.1016/1056-8719(94)90079-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Jones S. B., Romano F. D. Plasma catecholamines in the conscious rat during endotoxicosis. Circ Shock. 1984;14(3):189–201. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. King J. N., Gerring E. L. Detection of endotoxin in cases of equine colic. Vet Rec. 1988 Sep 3;123(10):269–271. doi: 10.1136/vr.123.10.269. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. King J. N., Gerring E. L. The action of low dose endotoxin on equine bowel motility. Equine Vet J. 1991 Jan;23(1):11–17. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02705.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kollias-Baker C. A., Court M. H., Williams L. L. Influence of yohimbine and tolazoline on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and sedative effects of xylazine in the horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 1993 Sep;16(3):350–358. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1993.tb00182.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lohmann K. L., Roussel A. J., Cohen N. D., Boothe D. M., Rakestraw P. C., Walker M. A. Comparison of nuclear scintigraphy and acetaminophen absorption as a means of studying gastric emptying in horses. Am J Vet Res. 2000 Mar;61(3):310–315. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.310. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. MacDonald A., Kelly J., Dettmar P. W. Pre- and post-junctional alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in the rat gastric fundus in-vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1990 Nov;42(11):752–757. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb07015.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mizuta H., Kawazoe Y., Haga K., Ogawa K. Effects of meals on gastric emptying and small intestinal transit times of a suspension in the beagle dog assessed using acetaminophen and salicylazosulfapyridine as markers. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1990 Aug;38(8):2224–2227. doi: 10.1248/cpb.38.2224. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Moore J. N., Garner H. E., Shapland J. E., Hatfield D. G. Prevention of endotoxin-induced arterial hypoxaemia and lactic acidosis with flunixin meglumine in the conscious pony. Equine Vet J. 1981 Apr;13(2):95–98. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1981.tb04122.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pålsson J., Ricksten S. E., Delle M., Lundin S. Changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity during experimental septic and endotoxin shock in conscious rats. Circ Shock. 1988 Feb;24(2):133–141. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sagrada A., Fargeas M. J., Bueno L. Involvement of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the postlaparotomy intestinal motor disturbances in the rat. Gut. 1987 Aug;28(8):955–959. doi: 10.1136/gut.28.8.955. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Tack J. F., Wood J. D. Actions of noradrenaline on myenteric neurons in the guinea pig gastric antrum. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1992 Nov;41(1-2):67–77. doi: 10.1016/0165-1838(92)90128-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Valk N., Doherty T. J., Blackford J. T., Abraha T. W., Frazier D. L. Effect of cisapride on gastric emptying in horses following endotoxin treatment. Equine Vet J. 1998 Jul;30(4):344–348. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1998.tb04108.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Valk N., Doherty T. J., Blackford J. T., Abraha T. W., Frazier D. L. Phenylbutazone prevents the endotoxin-induced delay in gastric emptying in horses. Can J Vet Res. 1998 Jul;62(3):214–217. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research are provided here courtesy of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association

RESOURCES