Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1978 Feb;133(2):465–471. doi: 10.1128/jb.133.2.465-471.1978

Regulation of the beta-1,3-glucanase system in Penicillium italicum: glucose repression of the various enzymes.

T Santos, M Sanchez, J R Villanueva, C Nombela
PMCID: PMC222046  PMID: 627529

Abstract

The microscopic fungus Penicillium italicum when grown in a synthetic liquid medium produced at least three enzymes with beta-1,3-glucanase activity which were separated by diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex column chromatography. These were named beta-1,3-glucanases I, II, and III respective to their order of elution from the column. A tentative characterization of these three enzymes indicated that they have different modes of action; the first one is an endoglucanase, the second is an exoglucanase, and the third probably has both mechanisms of action. Glucose had a repressive effect on all three enzymes. Only small amounts of beta-1,3-glucanases II and III were present in the cells when they were actively growing in the presence of this sugar. However, when the cells were transferred to a medium low in glucose, a significant increase in the specific activity of beta-1,3-glucanase took place; this was due in part to a much more active production of beta-1,3-glucanases II and III and in part to the appearance of beta-1,3-glucanase I, which could only be detected after more than 12 h of incubation in this medium. The results are discussed in the context of possible beta-1,3-glucanase functions in the fungal cells.

Full text

PDF
467

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Abd-el-Al A. T., Phaff H. J. Exo-beta-glucanases in yeast. Biochem J. 1968 Sep;109(3):347–360. doi: 10.1042/bj1090347. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Arnold W. N. The structure of the yeast cell wall. Solubilization of a marker enzyme, -fructofuranosidase, by the autolytic enzyme system. J Biol Chem. 1972 Feb 25;247(4):1161–1169. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Biely P., Kovarik J., Bauer S. Lysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose, an inhibitor of the cell wall glucan synthesis. J Bacteriol. 1973 Sep;115(3):1108–1120. doi: 10.1128/jb.115.3.1108-1120.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brock T. D. Beta-glucanase of yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1965 May 18;19(5):623–629. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(65)90385-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. CHESTERS C. G., BULL A. T. The enzymic degradation of laminarin. 2. The multicomponent nature of fungal laminarinases. Biochem J. 1963 Jan;86:31–38. doi: 10.1042/bj0860031. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Farkas V., Biely P., Bauer S. Extracellular beta-glucanases of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1973 Sep 15;321(1):246–255. doi: 10.1016/0005-2744(73)90079-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fleet G. H., Phaff H. J. Glucanases in Schizosaccharomyces. Isolation and properties of the cell wall-associated beta(1 leads to 3)-glucanases. J Biol Chem. 1974 Mar 25;249(6):1717–1728. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gooday B. W. Biosynthesis of the fungal wall - mechanisms and implications. The first Fleming Lecture. J Gen Microbiol. 1977 Mar;99(1):1–11. doi: 10.1099/00221287-99-1-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Herbold D. R., Glaser L. Bacillus subtilis N-acetylmuramic acid L-alanine amidase. J Biol Chem. 1975 Mar 10;250(5):1676–1682. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Holten V. Z., Bartnicki-Garcia S. Intracellular beta-glucanase activity of Phytophthora palmivora. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1972 Jul 13;276(1):221–227. doi: 10.1016/0005-2744(72)90023-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Huotari F. I., Nelson T. E., Smith F., Kirkwood S. Purification of an exo-beta-D-(1 bonded to 3)-glucanase from Basidiomycete species QM 806. J Biol Chem. 1968 Mar 10;243(5):952–956. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Johnson B. F. Lysis of yeast cell walls induced by 2-deoxyglucose at their sites of glucan synthesis. J Bacteriol. 1968 Mar;95(3):1169–1172. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.3.1169-1172.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Jones D., Gordon A. H., Bacon J. S. Co-operative action by endo- and exo-beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucanases from parasitic fungi in the degradation of cell-wall glucans of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Biochem J. 1974 Apr;140(1):47–55. doi: 10.1042/bj1400047. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lindsay B., Glaser L. Characterization of the N-acetylmuramic acid L-alanine amidase from Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1976 Aug;127(2):803–811. doi: 10.1128/jb.127.2.803-811.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Mahadevan P. R., Mahadkar U. R. Role of enzymes in growth and morphology of Neurospora crassa: cell-wall-bound enzymes and their possible role in branching. J Bacteriol. 1970 Mar;101(3):941–947. doi: 10.1128/jb.101.3.941-947.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rombouts F. M., Phaff H. J. Lysis of yeast cell walls. Lytic beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucanases from Bacillus circulans WL-12. Eur J Biochem. 1976 Mar 16;63(1):121–130. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10214.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. SMOGYI M. Notes on sugar determination. J Biol Chem. 1952 Mar;195(1):19–23. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Santos T., Villanueva J. R., Nombela C. Production and catabolite repression of Penicillium italicum beta-glucanases. J Bacteriol. 1977 Jan;129(1):52–58. doi: 10.1128/jb.129.1.52-58.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Tingle M. A., Halvorson H. O. A comparison of -glucanase and -glucosidase in Saccharomyces lactis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1971 Oct;250(1):165–171. doi: 10.1016/0005-2744(71)90130-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Villa T. G., Notario V., Villanueva J. R. Beta-glucanases of the yeast Pichia polymorpha. Arch Microbiol. 1975 Jun 22;104(2):201–206. doi: 10.1007/BF00447325. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES