Skip to main content
PMC home page
Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England logoLink to Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England
. 1996 Jan;78(1):31–38.

Nerves that say NO: a new perspective on the human rectoanal inhibitory reflex.

T J O'Kelly 1
PMCID: PMC2502677  PMID: 8659970

Full text

PDF
36

Images in this article

34Figure 7
on p.34
34Figure 8
on p.34
35Figure 9
on p.35
35Figure 10
on p.35
36Figure 11
on p.36
36Figure 12
on p.36
36Figure 13
on p.36

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Burleigh D. E., D'Mello A., Parks A. G. Responses of isolated human internal anal sphincter to drugs and electrical field stimulation. Gastroenterology. 1979 Sep;77(3):484–490. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Burleigh D. E. Non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic inhibitory neurons in human internal anal sphincter muscle. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1983 Apr;35(4):258–260. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1983.tb02927.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. CALLAGHAN R. P., NIXON H. H. MEGARECTUM: PHYSIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. Arch Dis Child. 1964 Apr;39:153–157. doi: 10.1136/adc.39.204.153. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Christensen J., Stiles M. J., Rick G. A., Sutherland J. Comparative anatomy of the myenteric plexus of the distal colon in eight mammals. Gastroenterology. 1984 Apr;86(4):706–713. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Costa M., Furness J. B., Pompolo S., Brookes S. J., Bornstein J. C., Bredt D. S., Snyder S. H. Projections and chemical coding of neurons with immunoreactivity for nitric oxide synthase in the guinea-pig small intestine. Neurosci Lett. 1992 Dec 14;148(1-2):121–125. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90819-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dawson T. M., Bredt D. S., Fotuhi M., Hwang P. M., Snyder S. H. Nitric oxide synthase and neuronal NADPH diaphorase are identical in brain and peripheral tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 1;88(17):7797–7801. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.17.7797. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Feelisch M., Noack E. A. Correlation between nitric oxide formation during degradation of organic nitrates and activation of guanylate cyclase. Eur J Pharmacol. 1987 Jul 2;139(1):19–30. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(87)90493-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fukai K., Fukuda H. The intramural pelvic nerves in the colon of dogs. J Physiol. 1984 Sep;354:89–98. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015364. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kamm M. A., Lennard-Jones J. E., Nicholls R. J. Evaluation of the intrinsic innervation of the internal anal sphincter using electrical stimulation. Gut. 1989 Jul;30(7):935–938. doi: 10.1136/gut.30.7.935. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lawson J. O., Nixon H. H. Anal canal pressures in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. J Pediatr Surg. 1967 Dec;2(6):544–552. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(67)80011-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lubowski D. Z., Nicholls R. J., Swash M., Jordan M. J. Neural control of internal anal sphincter function. Br J Surg. 1987 Aug;74(8):668–670. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800740804. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Moncada S., Palmer R. M., Higgs E. A. Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev. 1991 Jun;43(2):109–142. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. O'Kelly T. J., Brading A., Mortensen N. J. In vitro response of the human anal canal longitudinal muscle layer to cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation: evidence of sphincter specialization. Br J Surg. 1993 Oct;80(10):1337–1341. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800801041. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. O'Kelly T. J., Davies J. R., Brading A. F., Mortensen N. J. Distribution of nitric oxide synthase containing neurons in the rectal myenteric plexus and anal canal. Morphologic evidence that nitric oxide mediates the rectoanal inhibitory reflex. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994 Apr;37(4):350–357. doi: 10.1007/BF02053596. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. O'Kelly T. J., Davies J. R., Tam P. K., Brading A. F., Mortensen N. J. Abnormalities of nitric-oxide-producing neurons in Hirschsprung's disease: morphology and implications. J Pediatr Surg. 1994 Feb;29(2):294–300. doi: 10.1016/0022-3468(94)90335-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. O'Kelly T., Brading A., Mortensen N. Nerve mediated relaxation of the human internal anal sphincter: the role of nitric oxide. Gut. 1993 May;34(5):689–693. doi: 10.1136/gut.34.5.689. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rattan S., Sarkar A., Chakder S. Nitric oxide pathway in rectoanal inhibitory reflex of opossum internal anal sphincter. Gastroenterology. 1992 Jul;103(1):43–50. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(92)91093-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Salvemini D., Radziszewski W., Korbut R., Vane J. The use of oxyhaemoglobin to explore the events underlying inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by NO or NO-donors. Br J Pharmacol. 1990 Dec;101(4):991–995. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14194.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Sanders K. M., Ward S. M. Nitric oxide as a mediator of nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurotransmission. Am J Physiol. 1992 Mar;262(3 Pt 1):G379–G392. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.1992.262.3.G379. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Speakman C. T., Kamm M. A. The internal and sphincter--new insights into faecal incontinence. Gut. 1991 Apr;32(4):345–346. doi: 10.1136/gut.32.4.345. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Thornbury K. D., Ward S. M., Dalziel H. H., Carl A., Westfall D. P., Sanders K. M. Nitric oxide and nitrosocysteine mimic nonadrenergic, noncholinergic hyperpolarization in canine proximal colon. Am J Physiol. 1991 Sep;261(3 Pt 1):G553–G557. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.1991.261.3.G553. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Ward S. M., Xue C., Shuttleworth C. W., Bredt D. S., Snyder S. H., Sanders K. M. NADPH diaphorase and nitric oxide synthase colocalization in enteric neurons of canine proximal colon. Am J Physiol. 1992 Aug;263(2 Pt 1):G277–G284. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.1992.263.2.G277. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Young H. M., Furness J. B., Shuttleworth C. W., Bredt D. S., Snyder S. H. Co-localization of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity and NADPH diaphorase staining in neurons of the guinea-pig intestine. Histochemistry. 1992 May;97(4):375–378. doi: 10.1007/BF00270041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England are provided here courtesy of The Royal College of Surgeons of England

RESOURCES