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. 1993 Aug;12(8):3095–3104. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05978.x

Depletion of the mitochondrial electron transport abrogates the cytotoxic and gene-inductive effects of TNF.

K Schulze-Osthoff 1, R Beyaert 1, V Vandevoorde 1, G Haegeman 1, W Fiers 1
PMCID: PMC413574  PMID: 8344250

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has cytotoxic and gene-inductive activities on several cell types. Previous studies on L929 fibrosarcoma cells have revealed that the mitochondrial electron transport system plays a key role in inducing TNF cytotoxicity, presumably by the formation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). Here we report that mitochondria-derived intermediates are not only cytotoxic but, in addition, function as signal transducers of TNF-induced gene expression. The activation of NF kappa B, which fulfills an important role in TNF-induced gene transcription, could be blocked by interference with the mitochondrial electron transport system. Furthermore, antimycin A, a mitochondrial inhibitor that increases the generation of ROI, potentiated TNF-triggered NF kappa B activation. The dual role of mitochondria-derived intermediates in cytotoxicity and immediate-early gene induction of TNF was further substantiated by isolating L929 subclones which lacked a functional respiratory chain. This depletion of the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism resulted in resistance towards TNF cytotoxicity, as well as in inhibition of NF kappa B activation and interleukin-6 gene induction by TNF. These findings suggest that mitochondria are the source of second messenger molecules and serve as common mediators of the TNF-cytotoxic and gene-regulatory signaling pathways.

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